Introduction To Information Prelims

Front 1

an electronic, programmable device which manipulates/processes and stores data so that useful information can be generated.

Back 1

Computer

Front 2

set of instructions

Back 2

program

Front 3

Computer Capabilities

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S
A
R
M

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computer limitations

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cannot derive meanings from objects
cannot correct wrong input
cannot generate information on its own
dependent on the given instructions

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gathering the raw data input, evaluating and bringing order to it

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data processing

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distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way

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data

Front 7

collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn

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information

Front 8

the data or source of information entering the system to be processed by a computer.

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Input

Front 9

may also be computer programs that will process the data

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Input

Front 10

the orderly planned actions taken by the computer with the information or data that is entered into the system

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processing

Front 11

distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way

Back 11

data

Front 12

collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn

Back 12

information

Front 13

the data or source of information entering the system to be processed by a computer.

Back 13

Input

Front 14

may also be computer programs that will process the data

Back 14

Input

Front 15

the orderly planned actions taken by the computer with the information or data that is entered into the system

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processing

Front 16

expanded data processing cycle

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O
D
S

Front 17

the results of processed data or information

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output

Front 18

step in which refers to the process of collecting the original data

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origination

Front 19

an original recording of the data is called ____________

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source document

Front 20

refers to the distribution of the output data

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distribution

Front 21

recordings of the output data are often called _____________

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report documents

Front 22

any physical device in or on which computer information can be kept.

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storage

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Data processing Operations

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R
D
C
S
S&R
M
S
R
F

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refers to the transfer of data onto some form or document

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recording

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duplicating

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this operation consists in reproducing data onto many forms or documents

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this operation separates data into various categories

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classifying

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arranging data in a specific order

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sorting

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a collection of data is condensed and certain conclusion from the data are represented in a meaningful format

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summarizing and reporting

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this operation takes two or more sets of data, all sets having been sorted by the same key, and puts them together to form a single sorted set of data

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merging

Front 30

placing similar data into files for future reference

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storing

Front 31

recovering stored data and/or information when needed

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retrieving

Front 32

the comparison of the outputs and the goal set in advance; any discrepancy is analyzed, corrected, and fed back to the proper stage in the processing operation

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feedback

Front 33

collection of unprocessed items which can include text, numbers, images, audio and video

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data

Front 34

converys meaning and is useful to people

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information

Front 35

steps that tell the computer how to perform a particular task

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instructions

Front 36

a collection of related instructions organized for a common purpose is referred to as ____________

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software

Front 37

the series of input, process, output and storage activities

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information processing cycle

Front 38

Advantages of Computers

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S
R
C
S
C

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a computing phrase, points out that accuracy of a computer's output depends on the accuracy of the input

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garbage in, garbage out

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Disadvantages of computers

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HR
VP
PS
ILF
IE

Front 41

occurs when someone becomes obsessed with using a computer

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computer addiction

Front 42

feel distresses when deprived of computer and mobile devices

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technology overload

Front 43

involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

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green computing

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a computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as ________

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hardware

Front 45

components of computer

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ID
OD
SU
SD
CD

Front 46

any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

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input device

Front 47

any hardware component that conveys information to or or more people

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output device

Front 48

a case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data

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System Unit

Front 49

two main components of motherboard

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Processor/CPU
memory

Front 50

electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

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processor

Front 51

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and dta needed by those instructions.

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Memory

Front 52

holds data, instructions and information for future use

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storage device

Front 53

hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devies.

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communication device

Front 54

also called a program, consists of series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them

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Software

Front 55

software today often has ________

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graphical user interface (GUI)

Front 56

two categories of software

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System software
Application software

Front 57

consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.

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system software

Front 58

two types of system software

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OS
Utility Program

Front 59

is a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices

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operating system

Front 60

allows a use to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its device, or its programs.

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utility program

Front 61

consists of programs designed to make users more productive and or assists them with personal tasks

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application software

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computer than can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself

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personal computer

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two types of personal computers

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desktop computer
notebook computer

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designed so that the system unit, input devices output devices, and any other devices fir entirely on or under a desk or table

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desktop computer

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personal computer you can carry from place to place

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mobile computer

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also called a laptop, is portable, personal computer designed to fit on your lap

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notebook computer

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PCs resembling a letter-seized slate

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Tablet PC

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small enough to carry in a pocket, usually do not have disk drives

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mobile devices

Front 69

five popular types of mobile devices

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Smart Phone
PDA
Handheld Computer
Portable media player
Digital Camera

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internet-enabled phone that usually also provides personal information management functions such as a calendar, an appointment book, an address book etc.

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smart phone

Front 71

provides personal information management, functions such as a clanedar, an appointment book

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PDA

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sometimes referred to as UMPC

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handheld computer

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a mobile device on which you can store organize and play digital media

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portable medical player

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a device that allows users to take pictures and store the photographed images digital instead of on traditional firm

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digital camera

Front 75

mobile computing device designed for single-player or multi-player video games

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game console

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controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data and information

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servers

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large, expensive, powerful computer than can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

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Mainframs

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fastest, most powerful computer and the most expensive

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supercomputers

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special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a large product

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embedded computer

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Elements of an information system

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H
S
D
Pe
Pr

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must be reliable and capable of handling the expected workload

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hardware

Front 82

must be developed carefully and tested thoroughly

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software

Front 83

examples of computer Usage

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Home
SOHO
Mobile
Power
Enterprise

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Home User computer uses

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Personal Financial management
Web Access
Communication
Entertainment

Front 85

includes any company with fewer than 50 employees as well as the self employed who work from home

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SOHO

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small offices include

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Local Law practices
Accounting firms
Travel Agencies
Florists

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those who work on a computer or mobile device while away from a main office, home office, or school

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mobile users

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examples of home user

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sales rep
insurance agents
package delivery
journalists
consultants
students

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requires the capabilities of a workstation or other type of powerful computer

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power user

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examples of power user

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engineers
scientists
architects
desktop publishers
graphic artists

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power users often work with _________

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multimedia

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has hundreds or thousands of employees or customers that work in or do business with offices across a region, the country or the world

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enterprise user

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refers to the huge network of computers that meets their diverse computing needs

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enterprise computing

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is a work arrangement in which employees work away from a company's standard workplace and often communicate with the office through the computer

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telecommuting