Introduction To Functional Anatomy 7

Front 1

What is functional anatomy

Back 1

Functional anatomy is taking the knowledge of the body structures that we learn and applying it to live, moving bodies

Front 2

What are the types of skeletal muscle contractions

Back 2

Front 3

What type of muscle contraction is a isometric contraction

Back 3

Isometric contraction

- occurs when tension is generated in a muscle

- muscle length and angle of joint does not change

- produces no movement

Front 4

What type of muscle contraction is a isotonic contraction

Back 4

Muscle contraction that changes length

- can increase length- eccentric

- can decrease length- concentric

Front 5

What is a concentric contraction

Back 5

_Muscle contraction resulting in shortening of the muscle

- overcomes external forces (ie. gravity)

-Eg, lifting a glass

Front 6

What is a eccentric contraction

Back 6

-muscle contraction resulting in lengthening the muscle

-often used to control a movement

eg. lowering a glass

Front 7

What are other roles of skeletal muscles

Back 7

-Agonist

- Antagonist

-Fixator/ stabiliser

-Synergist

Front 8

Function/ roles of agonist muscle

Back 8

Agonist:

- muscle producing the desired movement by contracting

- can either be concentric or eccentric

- during elbow flexion in a bicep curl - bicep is agonist

-also called prime mover

Front 9

Functions/ roles of antagonist muscle

Back 9

Antagonist:

- muscle which relax (i.e not contracting) to allowed the desired movement to occur

-usually the opposite muscle to the agonist

-during elbow flexion in a bicep curl- triceps relax

Front 10

functions/ roles of fixator/ stabiliser

Back 10

Fixator/stabiliser:

-stabilises a body segment so that another muscle can perform an action

- a fixator is a stabiliser that acts to eliminate the unwanted movement of an agonists origin

Front 11

Funtions/ roles of synergist

Back 11

Synergist:

assists the agonist to produce the desired movement by cancelling the unwanted action of the agonist

-example- bicep brachii's actions are elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, radioulnar supinatination

Front 12

Two joint muscles

Back 12

Two joint muscles can't work as one joint muscle

implications for recruitment:

- increased requirement for synergism

Implications for joint range testing:

- must consider two joint muscles when testing range of motion

eg. hip flexion range

( knee flexed, knee extended)

Front 13

What is the length-tension relationship

Back 13

direct relationship between the tension a muscle fiber can produce and the length of the sarcomeres in that muscle fiber

-there is a optimal sarcomere length at which a muscle fiber is capable of developing maximal tension- the point where the maximal number of cross-bridges between thick and thin filaments can be formed

Front 14

What are the two Insufficiency of muscles

Back 14

Passive insufficiency:

-maximum passive length is insufficient to allow full range of movement at both joints simultaneously

Active insufficiency:

-maximum length change insufficient to produce a full range of movement at both joints simultaneously

-when assessing – reassessing ROM and strength wherever two joint muscles are involved you must ensure that the joints concerned are in a standard position

Front 15

What is a first class lever

Back 15

First class lever:

central axis with force on one side and resistance on the other

Front 16

What is a second class lever

Back 16

Second Class lever:

- force on one end and the axis on the other end

- the resistance is in between

Front 17

What is a third class lever

Back 17

Third class lever:

resistance on one end and the axis on the other

- the force is in between