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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is epidemiology?
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the study of disease in populations
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What does the clinical approach focus on?
The epidemiological approach? What does success depend on in each? |
Focuses on the individual
Focuses on groups Clinically identifying the disease Epi- don't need to ID the disease |
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What three things do veterinary epidemiologists deal with the investigation of?
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disease
productivity animal welfare |
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Where do veterinary epidemiologists work?
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in government
in private industry in academia |
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How does epidemiology help with clinical practice?
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1) Provide the research for evidence based medicine
2) If food animal, will be working on populations |
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What is a condition, event or characteristic that plays an essential role in producing the occurrence of a disease?
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Cause of disease
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What are risk factors?
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Variables associated with an increased risk of disease or infection
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What are the components of the epidemiological triad?
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Host
Agent Environment |
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What is an outbreak?
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more than expected number of cases
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What is a sufficient cause?
What are the pies called? |
A set of component causes that together are sufficient enough to cause the disease
Rothman pies |
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What is a component cause?
What is a necessary cause? |
A part of the sufficient cause (pie piece) ex. an animal
A component cause that is necessary for the disease to occur and is a member of every sufficient cause ex. Anthrax spores |
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What are the two necessary causes of cattle contracting Anthrax?
What are the component causes (excluding the above two)? |
1) Cattle
2) Anthrax spores in soil -Snowy winter, rainy spring, dry summer, spores on forage |
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Does blocking the action of a component (slice) cause block the completion of that sufficient cause (pie)?
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yes
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What does descriptive epidemiology look at? Which of the five W's is it concerned with?
The amount and distribution of disease in a specified population |
The amount and distribution of disease in a specified population
The "What" |
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What does analytical epidemiology look at? Which of the five W's is it concerned with?
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The strength, importance and statistical significance of epidemiological associations
The "Why" |
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What kind of studies are involved with analytical epidemiology?
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Randomized clinical trials
Cohort studies Case-control studies |
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What are the goals of primary prevention? Examples?
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-Prevent dz from occurring
-Reduce incidence Cooking food for pigs, rabies vax, removing high risk material from food chain |
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What does secondary disease prevention do? Goals? Examples?
Does this prevent disease? |
Delays onset or duration of dz
Goal is to improve survival Annual blood work in geriatric points No! |
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What does tertiary disease prevention do?
Goals? Examples? |
Slows dz progression and sequelae
Improve survival Management of a diabetic cat |
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What is the reduction of dz incidence, prevalence, morbidity, or mortality to an acceptable level? Examples?
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Control
Influenza, Johne's disease |
