Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Dermatology
|
The study of disorders of the integumentary system (skin, hair and nails)
|
|
|
What are important funcitons of the skin? (3)
|
Protection
Thermal regulation Metabolism (synthesis of vit D, storage of energy) |
|
|
What are the 3 main layers of the skin?
|
Epidermis
Dermis Subcutis (hypodermis) |
|
|
What are the 5 main layers of the epidermis?
|
Stratum corneum (keratin layer)
Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale |
|
|
What are the 4 main types of cells in the epidermis?
|
Keratinocytes (epidermal cells)
Melanocytes Langerhan cells Merkel cells |
|
|
What layer of the epidermis is only found on the palms and soles?
|
Stratum lucidum
|
|
|
What is the largest layer of the epidermis?
|
Stratum spinosum
|
|
|
What is the composition of each of the layers of the epidermis?
|
S. corneum - thick layer of dead cells with keratin but no keratinocytes
S. lucidum - transparent layers of packed dead cells S. granulosum - flat cells containing basophilic keratohyaline granules S. spinosum - "prickle layer" provides strength and is where keratinization begins S. basale - where stem cells give rise to epidermis..also has melanocytes |
|
|
What is the most abundant type of cell in the epidermis?
|
Keratinocytes
|
|
|
What is the keratinocyte to melanocyte ratio in the S. Basale?
|
10:1
|
|
|
What are the layers of the dermis?
|
Papillary dermis - capillaries that carry nutrients to epidermis
Reticular dermis - support for skin mostly made of collagen |
|
|
What is the major cell type found in the dermis?
|
Fibroblasts - produce collagen
|
|
|
What is the Subcutis composed of?
|
Fat cells
Origin of hair follicles Vessels and nerves |
|
|
What do you look for on a dermatologic physical exam? PSCALDA
|
Skin Phenotype
Size of lesion Colour of lesion Arrangement of lesion Lesion morphology - primary and secondary Distribution - location Always remember to check hair nails, mucous membrains and intertriginous areas |
|
|
What are the Fitzpatrick skin phototypes?
|
Type I - White; always burns and never tans
Type II - White; mostly burns and sometimes tans Type III - White; sometimes burns, sometimes tans Type IV - Light brown; mostly tans, sometimes burns Type V - Brown; mostly tans, rarely burns Type VI Dark brown/black; never burns, always tans |
|
|
Define the following colours of lesions: erythematous, purple, white, very white, brown
|
erythematous = red and blanchable
Purple = violaceous white = hypopigmented Very white = depigmented brown = hyperpigmented |
|
|
Describe Solitary arrangement
|
One lesion
|
|
|
Describe Linear arrangement
|
In a straight line
|
|
|
Describe Annular/arciform arrangement
|
Ring shaped pattern with central clearing
|
|
|
Describe reticular arrangement
|
Net-like/lacy
|
|
|
Describe serpiginus arrangement
|
Snake-like
|
|
|
Describe grouped arrangement
|
Clustered - example bed bug bites
|
|
|
Describe herpetiform arrangement
|
Cluster of vesicles
|
|
|
Describe zosteriform arrangement
|
dermatomal band pattern
|
|
|
Describe guttate arrangement
|
"raindrop" like
|
|
|
Describe targetoid (iris) arrangement
|
concentric ring shaped lesions like on a dartboard
|
|
|
Describe satellite arrangement
|
lesions scattered outside primary cluster
|
|
|
Describe scattered arrangement
|
normal skin between lesions
|
|
|
Describe disseminated arrangement
|
eruption covering a large area
|
|
|
Describe generalized arrangement
|
covering most of the body surface
|
|
|
What are primary morphologies that are <1cm vs >1cm
|
Macule vs patch
Papule vs plaque Nodule vs tumour Vesicle vs Bulla Pustule vs abcess Wheal vs Wheal |
|
|
Describe Macule/Patch morphology
|
Flat and different colour than surrounding skin
|
|
|
Describe Papule/plaque morphology
|
Elevated above level of skin
|
|
|
Describe pustule/abcess morphology
|
Elevated above level of skin with purulent fluid
|
|
|
Describe vesicle/bulla morphology
|
elevated above level of skin and contains fluid (blood, serum, lymph, etc)
|
|
|
Describe wheal morphology
|
Rounded or flat-topped papule or plaque
Evanescent AKA hives/urticaria |
|
|
Describe Nodule/Tumour Morphology
|
Solid and elevated above level of skin and usually orginiates from dermis
|
|
|
What is the definition of a secondary lesion morphology?
|
Term used to describe secondary changes to primary lesions
|
|
|
What are 9 types of secondary morphology?
|
Erosions, ulcerations, scar, scale, crust, excoriations, fissures, lichenification, atrophy
|
|
|
Describe erosion
|
Break in epidermis that does not leave a scar
|
|
|
Describe ulcer
|
Break in epidermis and dermis or deeper that leaves a scar
|
|
|
Describe scar
|
Fibrosis of dermis and subcutaneous tissue that is permanent
|
|
|
Describe scale
|
accumulation of keratin
|
|
|
Describe crust
|
Hardened deposit of serum, blood or pus
|
|
|
Describe excoriation
|
Scratch marks that can form erosions or crust
|
|
|
describe fissure
|
linear cleavage or crack that may be painful
|
|
|
Describe lichenification
|
thickening of epidermis due to persistent rubbing/scratching
|
|
|
Describe atrophy
|
Thinning of epidermis, dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue
|
|
|
Define open and closed comedones
|
Open - black head
Closed - white head |
|
|
Define petechiae, purpura and ecchymoses
|
Non-blanchable and purple
Petechiae = <3mm Purpura = 3mm-1cm Ecchymoses = >1cm |
|
|
What is telangiectasia?
|
Blanchable erythematous macules that are the result of dilated blood vessels
|
|
|
What is koebnerization/isomorphic response?
|
When lesions appear at the site of trauma
|
|
|
What are the major morphological groups?
|
Papulosquamous
Dermatitic Morbiliform Vesiculobullous Acneiform or follicular Urticarial |
|
|
Describe the papulosquamous morphological grouping
|
Red, well demarcated and scaly
|
|
|
Describe the dermatitic morphological grouping
|
Red, not well demarcated, scaly, excoriations common, vesicles acutely
|
|
|
Describe the morbiliform morphological grouping
|
Blanchable, erythematous macules and papules = maculopapular
|
|
|
Describe the vesiculobullous morphological grouping
|
vesicles, bulla, erosions, crust +/- ulceration
|
|
|
Describe the acneiform/follicular morphological grouping
|
lesions around hair follicles
|
|
|
Describe the urticarial morphological grouping
|
Blanchable papules and plaques
|
|
|
What is dermoscopy?
|
specialized light/magnification system that helps distinguish benign from malignant lesions
|
|
|
What is cryotherapy?
|
Liquid nitrogen that is used to destroy pre-cancerous cells, cancerous cells or cells taken over by virus
|
|
|
What is a punch biopsy?
|
Cylinder shaped peice of skin is removed and sent for biopsy. Hole is sewn shut.
|
|
|
What is a wood's lamp?
|
UVA light at 365nm that helps diagnose certain bacterial or fungal infections or skin pigmentation disorders
|
|
|
What is a potassium hydroxide mount?
|
A slide with scraped off skin from a lesion that 1 drop of KOH was added to - viewed under light microscope
|
|
|
What are the 2 main types of phototherapy and what are they used for?
|
Psoralen + UVA @ 320-400nm
NBUVB @ 311nm Used to treat psoriasis, vitiligo, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, etc. |
