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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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A branch of science that deals with structured organization of living things, concerned with the structure of the body and its various organs
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Structure
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How they are "built" and what they consist of
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Physiology
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The study of basic processes such as reproduction, growth, and metabolism and how body parts function
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Functions
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As they occur within the various system of the body
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Excercise Physiology
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Is the branch of physiology with the important distinction that exercise physiologists concentrate their research specifically on how the body responds and adapts to the stresses placed on it by excercise
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Diagram of the Anatomical Position
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Portrays the human body in an upright standing position with face and feet pointing forward, arms at the side and palms facing forward.
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Anatomical Plane
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Anatomical planes relate positions in a pace and are out right angles to one another
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Frontal Plane
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Is vertical and extends from one side of the body to the other also known as Coronal Plane
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Transverse Plane
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Is horizontal and divides the body into upper and lower segments also known as horizontal plane
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Sagittal (Median) Plane
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Is veritical and extends from the front of the body to the the back
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Use of directional cuts
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A "frontal" section of the heart exposes the various parts of the heart from the front
-A "saggital section" exposes the parts of the heart from the side. If the heart is sectioned on the "transverse plane" the heart can be viewed from top or bottom |
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Anatomical Axes
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Axes are used to describe how rotation of the muscles and bones takes place
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Horizontal exis
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Extends from one side of the body to the other. A sort of "east-west" relationship to the anatomical position.
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Longitudinal Axis
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is vertical running from head to toe. A "north-south" relationship to the anatomical position
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Antero-posterior axis
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Extends from the front of the body to the back of the body
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Describing Position and Movement
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A body movement can be described in terms of the anatomical plane through which if occurs and the anatomical axis around which it rotates
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General Rule
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Axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of movement
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Anterior
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Front surface of the body
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Posterior
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Back surface of the body
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Superior
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Refers to structures being close to the top of the body, except arms and legs
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Inferior
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Refers to structure being closer to the lower part of the body excluding arms and legs
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Medial
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Towards the midline
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Lateral
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Away from the midline
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Proximal
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Towards the upper segment of a limb
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Distal
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Towards the lower segments of a limb
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