Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Per NFPA 1901 how are aerials grouped. PICTURE 543 |
Aerial ladders. elevating platforms. water towers. . |
|
|
IFSTA further classifies aerial fire devices as follows.
|
Aerial ladder apparatus. elevating platform apparatus. - aerial ladder platforms. - telescoping aerial platform. - articulating aerial platform. water towers. . |
|
|
Fire fighting vehicle equipped with hydraulically operated ladder, elevating platform, or other similar device for the purpose of placing personnel and/or water streams in elevating positions.
|
Aerial apparatus. .
|
|
|
General term used to describe the hydraulically operated ladder or elevating platform attached to a specially designed fire apparatus.
|
aerial device. .
|
|
|
power operated ladder, usually employing hydraulics, that is mounted on a special truck chassis.
|
aerial ladder. .
|
|
|
Trailer equipped with steerable rear wheels.
|
Tillered trailer. .
|
|
|
assembly of bracing bars or rods in triangular shapes that form rigid framework for the aerial device. Supporting beams, provides strength.
|
Aerial ladder truss. .
|
|
|
Aerial ladders are mounted of one of what three chassis.
|
Rear mount. midship mount. tillered trailer. . |
|
|
Why are the trusses constructed of an assembly of bars or rods forming a grid rather then a solid beam of equal size.
|
Will not support the weight for aerial operations. . Trusses provide more strength when assembled member form triangles. . |
|
|
The two most common materials for construction of aerial ladders are.
|
Heat treated aluminum alloy and steel. . |
|
|
the fabricated structural members are fastened by rivets, or the entire truss segment may be welded (steel) or heliarced (aluminum alloy) PICTURE 545 |
. |
|
|
The sections of the aerial ladder are.
|
Base (bed), the sections beyond the base are the fly section. .
|
|
|
What are the main portions of an aerial ladder which firefighters commonly refer.
|
base rails (beams). top rails. rungs. . |
|
|
What part of the ladder are the lower chords of the aerial ladder which the rungs, trusses and other portions of the ladder are attached.
|
Base / bed. .
|
|
|
Top rails / hand rails of the ladder are the top chords to which are opposite ends of the trussing are attached. |
. . |
|
|
When referring to rungs, Aerial ladders designed with what as a standard feature providing greater strength than those with older design.
|
K bracing. .
|
|
|
NFPA 1901 establishes minimum performance requirements for placing an aerial in service from its transport position. Time criteria is based on what.
|
Aerial typing. . Newer ladders are required to demonstrate a minimum tip point when the ladder is fully extended. . |
|
|
Device that transfers the center of gravity of an apparatus and prevents it from tipping as the aerial device, hydraulic lifting boom, gin pole or a frame is extended away from the center line if the chassis.
|
stabilizer (Outriggers). . |
|
|
How are all newer ladders stabilizers operated.
|
hydraulically activated. .
|
|
|
What is a selector valve.
|
the aerial apparatus can be raised before the stabilizers are set. presetting to the stabilizer system position during daily apparatus inspections. .
|
|
|
What are the 4 main components of the hydraulic system.
|
Actuators. hydraulic fluid. hydraulic pump. hydraulic reservoir. . |
|
|
What part of the hydraulic system transforms power into mechanical force.
|
actuator. .
|
|
|
What part of the hydraulic system is the medium by which the system transmits force.
|
fluid. .
|
|
|
what creates Force on the fluid. |
Hydraulic pump. .
|
|
|
What powers the hydraulic pump.
|
PTO arrangement off the vehicles main engine. |
|
|
The pump for the hydraulic system is either a load sensing piston pump, rotary vane pump, or rotary gear positive displacement pump. .
|
.
|
|
|
Hydraulic fluid is practically incompressible. allows force transmitted over a large distance with little loss of power. May be under pressure of 3,500 psi. Never use body parts to cover leaks. PICTURE 547 |
.
|
|
|
How to handle hydraulic leaks.
|
Release pressure before working on system. direct leaks with wood or cardboard. wear sturdy gloves and goggles. never use fingers. Fluid injected in skin must be surgically removed or gangrene will result. Fluid injected will kill or injure person. . |
|
|
What part of the hydraulic system supplies the fluid that is moved in and out of the system.
|
hydraulic reservoir . . fluid that flows through the system flows back to reservoir before flowing back into the system. . eliminates air, heat and foreign matter. . |
|
|
What supplements the reservoirs ability to condition the fluid. Located in front of radiator, removes heat as it returns to reservoir from system.
|
Filters and exchange type oil coolers. . some use remotely mounted coolers with a thermostatically controlled electric or hydraulic cooling fan. . |
|
|
How are the hydraulic fluids supplied throughout the system.
|
Steele tubing and aircraft type, steel braided hose. . Hose must withstand 4 times greater then normal operating pressure. . |
|
|
How is Hydraulic fluid supplied to components above the rotation point of the turntable.
|
through a high pressure swivel assembly to permit continuous rotational capabilities of the device. .
|
|
|
What flow control valve in the hydraulic system prevents flow from flowing backward through a component and act as a safety feature if a leaks develops.
|
Check valve. .
|
|
|
what flow control valve in the hydraulic system limits the pressure built up in the system, preventing damage if over pressurized.
|
relief valve. .
|
|
|
what valve in the hydraulic system prevents unintentional or undesirable motion of the device from in established position.
|
counterbalance valve. .
|
|
|
what valve in the hydraulic system is a three way valve that directs oil to either stabilizer control valves or aerial device control valves. PICTURE 549 |
Selector valve / transfer or diverter valve. . |
|
|
How does the Selector valve / transfer or diverter valve operate.
|
A sliding spool diverts fluid flowing through the valve assembly to one work port or another blocking the unneeded work port. The selector valve acts as an interlock to prevent the stabilization or the aerial device system from operating at the same time. .
|
|
|
Once the hydraulic fluid is directed into one operating system or the other. What valves are used to direct and control power to the system.
|
Actuator, monitor, stack, and proportional valves. . They tend to be 4 or 5 way valves. . |
|
|
what converts energy in the system into motion when pressurized oil is directed into a chamber created by fitting a piston into a cylindrical barrel.
|
Hydraulic cylinders. .
|
|
|
What are double acting cylinders.
|
used for elevation and telescopic control of the aerial device and for operating the stabilizers. they are capable of receiving oil under pressure from both sides of the piston so that force is created in either direction. .
|
|
|
Hydraulic motors.
|
Converts energy into rotary motion. there are 2 motions. 1 - rotates aerial device through a ring and pinion drive. 2 - operates winch drive. to extend and retract aerial device. |
|
|
Per NFPA all aerials provide what incase of failure of the main hydraulic pump.
|
auxiliary pump. . 12 volt dc electric operated connected to the vehicles battery. Works at a reduced speed. If main pump fails, this device should be used for bedding only. Operated in intervals of 1 minute. May over heat. . |
|
|
A auxiliary hydraulic pump. Small internal combustion engine powered pump.
|
Direct connection that allows pump to operate even if main engine fails. can run fulltime to retract, rotate, lower and bed. not to continue use of a failed hydraulic system. |
|
|
NFPA for testing auxiliary operated pumps.
|
1911
|
|
|
What hydraulic cylinder is used to lift the aerial device from the bed to a working position. Picture 551 |
hoisting cylinder (Elevating or lift cylinder). . Normal pressure between 850 to 3,000 p s I. . |
|
|
what is a trunnion.
|
in a hydraulic cylinder, the pivoting end of the piston rod that is connected to the anchor ear by the heel pin connecting it to the turn table or aerial device. . |
|
|
Hoisting cylinders are equipped what safety valves incase of a leak or blow out.
|
Integral safety valve that lock and hold oil in the cylinder. Ladder only lowered manually bleeding the pressure using the bleeder valve. . |
|
|
What aerial device cylinder uses extension dual cylinders for the second section of the aerial. the extension cylinders operate a series of pulleys and cables that turn and extend the fly section.
|
aerial device extension cylinders. .
|
|
|
What provides the rotation of the aerial device?
|
turntable.
|
|
|
What is considered the working length of the aerial device.
|
fully extended.
|
|
|
What is the normal range for a fully extended aerial.
|
50 - 137 feet.
|
|
|
The working height for an aerial ladder is measured from what point to what point.
|
the ground to the heights rung.
|
|
|
Some special aerial ladders extend to lengths of how many feet.
|
200 feet.
|
|
|
Why would an aerial ladder be used for lower floors or rescue areas.
|
expediency or safety is a factor.
|
|
|
Aerial ladder apparatus that consists of a tractor power unit (tiller) section that contains the aerial ladder, ground ladder and equipment storage areas. The trailer section is steered independently of the tractor by the tiller operator.
|
Tractor drawn aerial apparatus. (tiller trucks)
|
|
|
Tillers are capable of making sharp U turns.
|
. |
|
|
what elevating platform has a power operated ladder, usually employing hydraulics, with a passenger carrying device attached to the end of the ladder.
|
Aerial ladder platform. work platform / climbing aerial ladder. common size range 85 to 110 feet. |
|
|
what elevating platform is equipped with piping systems and nozzles for elevated master stream operations. they are not meant to be climbed and are equipped with a small ladder that is to be used only for escape from the platform in emergency situations.
|
Telescoping aerial platform. Range from 75 to 100 feet. box bean or tubular truss beam construction. |
|
|
tubular truss beam construction.
|
tubular steel or aluminum is welded or huck bolted to form a box shape using cantilever or triangular truss design.
|
|
|
A box beam construction.
|
consists of four sides welded together with a hallow core. inside may have hydraulic lines, water lines, air lines, or electrical cords that run in the center or outside.
|
|
|
aerial device that consists of 2 or more bottoms that are attached with hinges and operate in a folding manner. a passenger carrying platform is attached to the working end of the device. |
articulating aerial platform. uses hinges to fold and unfold like an elbow. like telescoping. assembly enables platform to go up and over into areas that straight line platforms cant. ideal for rescue. range from 55 to 85 feet. |
|
|
Requirements for all elevating platforms.
|
leveling system so platform is horizontal to ground at all times. minimum floor area of platform is 14 square feet. Platform rail enclosing the floor with no opening under the railing greater then 24 inches. 4 inch kick plate. drain opening. 2 operating control stations. street level (with over ride) and platform. back up hydraulic system. Heat protective shield for radiant heat. water curtain nozzle under platform. load capacity of 750 lbs with no water. 500 lbs when charged with water. discharge 1000 gpm at 100 p s I |
|
|
A water curtain fog nozzle is designed to flow how many gpm.
|
75 gpm. |
|
|
when would there be a surge of intense heat that would expose firefighters on a platform.
|
a wall or roof collapse.
|
|
|
an elevated platform that is 110 feet or less must be raised from the bedded position to fully extended and rotated 90 degrees in how many seconds.
|
150 seconds or less. there is no time requirement greater the 100 feet. |
|
|
A mechanical applied rivet used in the construction of some aerial devices and can only be removed by drilling.
|
huck bolt.
|
|
|
manufactures are making aerial devices that both telescope and articulate. they consist of 2 or more telescoping booms on each side of the articulating hinge.
|
manufacture also have an aerial ladder with an articulating platform on the end of the fly section ranging from 90 174 feet.
|
|
|
Aerial device primarily intended for deploying and elevated master stream not generally for climbing.
|
Water tower.
|
|
|
WATER TOWERS. primary function to deploy elevated master streams. tower and stream is controlled at ground level. streams deployed below horizontal to 90 degrees. Sizes range 50 to 130 feet. Max flow range 1,000 to 5,000 g p m. |
.
|
|
|
Apparatus that serves as an engine and as a ladder truck equipped with a fire pump, water tank, ground ladders, hose bed and aerial device.
|
Quint. First priority is aerial placemen for a quint |
|
|
How are Most aerials 3rd or more sections are extended or retracted. |
Cables or pulleys.
|
|
|
What are extension and retraction cables made with.
|
corrosion resistant air craft cables made with high strength steel called plow steel and are resistant to abrasion.
|
|
|
Duel chain may also drive used to retract and extend. aerials using cable drum, powered by mechanically, hydraulically or electrically. |
.
|
|
|
Slide and rollers allow various sections to move without causing wear on parts that come in contact with each other. Most use combination of slide pads, blocks and/or rollers to facilitate movement. |
.
|
|
|
Turn table. most, the lower aerial device control is located on turntable. |
.
|
|
|
What aerials devices feature a Joystick capable of making all aerial device movements.
|
water towers. articulating platforms. telescoping platforms. |
|
|
location of control stations on a quint and water tower.
|
rear of apparatus.
|
|
|
What safety device that prevents a component from functioning when another component is functioning.
|
Interlock.
|
|
|
What interlock prevents Aerial wont activate unless stabilizers are deployed.
|
aerial / Stabalizer
|
|
|
What interlock prevents Device will not move where it will make contact with body or cab.
|
Body collision.
|
|
|
What interlock prevents rotation over the side where stabilizers ware not fully extended.
|
rotation (short jack)
|
|
|
What interlock that's slows the device before reaching maximum elevation or extension.
|
Maximum elevation slow down.
|
|
|
What interlock prevents complete retraction without the activation of the override function.
|
retraction
|
|
|
What interlock prevents device to cradle unless master stream nozzle is properly positioned.
|
nozzle stow.
|
|
|
What interlock prevents operation of aerial device unless the parking break is set transmission in neutral or trans in drive with driveline to rear axle disengaged.
|
aerial function.
|
|
|
What interlock prevents the cab from raising if the engine is running.
|
cab interlock.
|
|
|
What interlock prevents the engine starter from working unless the tiller operator is seated and belted or the tiller cab start is engaged.
|
tiller operator interlock.
|
|
|
Water delivery systems-
pre piped aerial ladder waterways. -bed ladder system. -telescoping waterway system. -pinnable telescoping waterway system. detachable ladder pipe system. elevated platform waterway. water tower system. |
used to discharge elevating master streams.
|
|
|
Pre piped aerial ladder waterways |
the eliminate the need for laying hose up the ladder to the master stream. bed ladder system and telescoping waterways (most popular.) |
|
|
bed the ladder section |
Pipe 3 oe 3 1/2" attached to the underside of the bed. pip is non telescoping. bottom of the pipe attached to a 2 or 3 way siamese at turntable nozzle at the top of the pipe. Solid stream nozzle due to inability to telescope. Most are operated manually with rope. |
|
|
telescoping waterway system. |
Newer ladders 110ft or shorter have pipe extending to tip of fly. Minimum is 4" pipe. flows up to 1,000 gpm. |
|
|
Pinnable telescoping waterway system
|
Pin master stream to 2 locations on device. Includes pin, levers, clamps. Keeps from getting in the way. |
|
|
Detachable ladder pipe system.
|
Aerials not pre piped will have detachable ladder pipe appliances. Attached when needed, stored in convenient location. Ladder pipe, fire hose, hose straps, Siamese appliance. Some use LDH with 3 way wye instead of Siamese. |
|
|
Detachable ladder pipe system.
|
Ladder piped clamped to the top 2 rungs. nozzle controlled by firefighter on ladder or with ropes. less the 750 gpm. single 3 or 3 1/2" hose should be long enough to rest on the ground opposite side of nozzle. |
|
|
What causes tress to the aerial when laying hose on ladder for a detachable ladder pipe system.
|
Placing hose not in center causing torsional stress. 2 or 3 straps should be used to secure. appliances restrict nozzle movement 15 degrees either side from center. |
|
|
Elevating platform waterway system
|
up to 2,000 gpm some equipped with 2 nozzles. at least 1 2 1/2" discharge fore handlines. attach recons for elevated standpipes. |
|
|
water tower system.
|
Designed for water streams. Some have cameras and thermal imagers at tip with monitor at control panel. some have piercing nozzle at end of aerial. steel nozzle penetrates through sheet metal buildings, aircraft skins, and metal roofs. nozzle capable up to 300 gpm. |
|
|
Communication systems
|
hands free transmitter and receiver. aerial operator doesn't need to be hand free. nfpa requires 2 way communication system. |
|
|
Breathing air systems.
|
1901 does not require. unless they are installed on aerials with platforms. 1901 requires. capacity, number of firefighter to be supported, pressure, low air warning, conformity of governmental regulations. |
|
|
NFPA 1989 standard on breathing air quality. Ifsta recommends platforms to have air system. NFPA 1911 requires for annual testing the breathing system. |
.
|
|
|
Inverters for aerials.
|
When its isn't necessary for the apparatus to generate large amounts of power. step up transformer. 12 or 24 volt dc to 110 or 220 volt ac its efficient and not a lot of noise. small capacities limited mobility most commonly for flood lights. |
|
|
portable generators.
|
110 and/or 220 volt gas or diesel. |
|
|
vehicle mounted generators.
|
vehicle mounted flood lights. 110 or 220 fixed lights are usually wired to a breaker. come with ac outlets on outside of apparatus. Fixed powered also have breakers. |
|
|
what device protects against electrical shock when grounding occurs. it opens a circuit that shuts off electrical current.
|
ground fault circuit interrupter.
|
|
|
what lights would be suitable for the tip of aerial even though nfpa doesn't require.
|
flood lights.
|
|
|
for electrical power cords, what should the recommended length be
|
200 feet or less.
|
|
|
What power distributer has one inlet for power and several outlets. lights up for visual assurance that it is energized.
|
junction box 110 and 220 volt. |
|
|
Hydraulic extrication tool systems receive their power in what different ways.
|
compressed air. electric motors. 2 or 4 cycle gas engines, pto system. Hose 100 feet or greater have negative effect on tools. |
|
|
The variety of ground ladders is dictated by who.
|
nfpa 1901, insurance, authority having jurisdiction.
|
|
|
Many fire departments choose to carry extension ladders that are 40 feet or longer to reach 4th or 5th story windows that the aerial device may not be able to reach.
|
Pole ladder designed with stay poles or tormentors for stability and leverage for raising.
|
|
|
2 common types of equipment for ventilations.
|
exhaust fan (smoke ejectors) positive pressure blowers. |
|
|
what are loss control activities.
|
safe driving, water application, salvage and overhaul.
|
|
|
When does loss control start.
|
when componies leave the station and continues throughout the incident. Loss control consists of safe driving, water application and salvage and overhaul. NFPA requires aerials to have salvage covers and 2 scoop shovels. |
|
|
Tiller system inspections.
|
Tiller axle is a steering axle. Free play must not exceed 2" on a 20" wheel or 10 degrees on any other sized steering wheel. steering systems can be locked straight by a lever or pin. this is for transporting for maintenance or non emergency. |
|
|
what may cause difficulty steering for tractor or trailer drawn aerials.
|
insufficient lubrication the aerial that's mounted on causing couplings to bind creating difficulty.
|
|
|
visual inspections.
|
check hydraulic reservoir when fluid is cold. check dipstick or sight gauge on fluid levels. fill hydraulics when everything is stowed. |
|
|
when visual is complete perform an operational check.
|
operational serves 2 purposes. 1 properly working. 2 review of aerial device operations. |
|
|
deadheading
|
operating a hydraulic pump without allowing flow through the system, this generates tremendous heat and pressure and can damage components.
|
|
|
how to prevent dead heading.
|
when testing emergency power unit (EPU) the main hydraulic system should be disengaged and a control valve must be open before tuning on the pump.
|
|
|
What testing is conducted every five years, an accident, unusual stress and loads, following major repairs.
|
nondestructive test
|
