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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do we care about sports? |
They're apart of every culture past and present, but every culture has its own definition of sports. |
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what is an activity? |
A form of play that involves participation for the purpose of pleasure -often lacks firm rules and can take place anywhere -allows for self-expression and pretending |
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What is a game? |
An aspect of play that involves social comparison (competition) -has institutionalized rules governing social comparison -involves public evaluation |
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What is a sport? |
A specialized form of game involving gross motor movement, prowess, and psycho-motor skill. -often requires specialized facilities and/or equipment -has an outcome that is important to individuals other than the competitors. |
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what is exercise? |
exercise is repetitive, planned physical activity with the goal of maintaining and/or improving physical fitness. |
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What is physical activity? |
An umbrella term including bodily movement that requires energy expenditure above the normal physiological demands of the day. |
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what is physical fitness? |
A set of health and skill-related attributes a person has in regards to their ability to perform physical activity |
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What do the forms of sport in any given society evolve out of? |
the social and cultural traditions of that particular group and can be understood primarily through understanding the social historical formations of that society. |
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what was the dominant sport in Mesoamerica almost 2000 years ago? |
"Jeugo de Pelota" -- the ball sport -the winning team dies at the end |
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what can help us prevent us from not applying our own beliefs when we study other cultures? |
conjunctural analysis -helps us understand the particular circumstances under which our objects of study came to be. |
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what is sport sociology? |
a sub-discipline of sociology that studies the network of roles, relationships, and interactions found in sport and their relationship to the institutional nature of sport. |
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and what is the primary focus of sport sociology? |
- the behaviors and attitudes of people who share a common social characteristics. |
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Micro-level of social-psychological research |
-emphasis of structure of small groups -interested in the principles underlying group formation, stability, change, etc. -sport teams reveal information about social processes of competition. |
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Macro-level of social-psychological research |
Each group exists within a: -societal norms -values -status and role -societal institutions |
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what are societal norms? |
prescriptions for how one should act and dress in any given situation |
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what are values? |
the criteria used in assessing the relative merit and correctness of objects, ideas, events, etc. |
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what are status and roles at the societal level? |
groups and members of groups have social positions and behavioral expectations that limit and constrain behavior |
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what are societal institutions? |
social arrangements channel behavior in prescribed ways based on the important areas of societal life |
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Research approaches in sport sociology: -what is Normative? |
value-laden research that is done to prove a point, assumes about the way things should be and searches for evidence that this is not the case. |
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research approaches in SS: -Non-Normative? |
a scientific description and explanation of what-is, rather than what ought to be. Objective! |
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Major theories in sport sociology -Functional Theory |
Attributes to societies the characteristics of cohesion, consensus, cooperation, etc. |
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Major theories in SS -Conflict theory |
focused on the social processes leading to disharmony, disruption, instability, etc. |
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What is the first sociology experiment? |
timed cyclists during 3 different conditions -paced -un-paced -conditioned |
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Norman Tripett proposed the principle of Dynamogeny-which is? |
-arouses competitive drive -releases energy -increases the speed of performance |
