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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a language?
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mutual intelligibility; knowledge that an individual possesses
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idiolect
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everyone has their own language
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When are two languages related?
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when there is an unbroken chain of language acquisition; must be systematic differences
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the comparative method
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demonstrating that two languages are related through systematic sound correspondences
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Neogrammarian Hypothesis
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Sound changes are regular and exceptionless
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grammar
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a rule system expressing systematic facts and
relationships |
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lexicon
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a list of arbitrary information that must be memorized; vocabulary
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Phonology
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permitted sounds and their distributions; ways in which sounds change depending on their environment of occurrence
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Morphology
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ways in which elements in the lexicon (morphemes: roots and affixes) can combine to produce words
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Syntax
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ways in which words can combine to form sentences
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Semantics
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ways in which the meaning of a sentence is derived from the meanings of its parts (morphemes and words)
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Pragmatics
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how expressions of language are used to achieve various communicative functions
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semantic drift
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things change meaning over time
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pidgin language
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a language created by combining two languages
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