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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Versaison?
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The change of color, occurring 8 to 10 weeks after flowering.
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What is Dormancy?
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Begins after the first frost and marks a time when the grapevine recovers for the next season. The major activity during this period is pruning.
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What is cane pruning?
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selecting certain shoots to leave on the vine for the subsequent season
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What is spur pruning?
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cutting back all the shoots to form spurs on the permanent parts of the vine.
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What is bloom?
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Occurs 6 to 12 weeks after budburst. Fertilized flowers eventually evolve into grape bunches.
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What is malolactic fermentation?
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Conversion of malic acid to lactic acid. This occurs after primary fermentation, and generally after the wine has been pressed and racked.
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What is fining?
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The process of removing any remaining suspended solid matter by having it attracted to the fining agent and fall to the bottom of the tank of barrel.
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What is Sherry?
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Fortified with additional alcohol usually in the form of neutral brandy. Fortification takes place after fermentation
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What is Port?
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Fortified during fermentation
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What is terrior?
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the entire environment of the place in which grapes were grown such as exposure to sun, drainage of land, wind patterns, amount of moisture, incidence of frost, and the make-up of the soil
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What is Gambero Russo?
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an Italian wine critic publication
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What is Vinitaly?
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Fair displaying Italian wines (143,000 visitors)
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What is riserva (Italy)?
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indicates a higher quality wine with longer mandatory maturation
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What is Superiore (italy)?
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indicates a higher degress of alcohol
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What is Classico (Italy)?
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A portion of a wine region that has traditionally produced better wines than the other parts of the region
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What is Amabile (italy)?
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semisweet
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What is secco (italy)?
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dry
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What is barbaresco?
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A DOCG in Italy in the Piedmont region. Nebbiolo grapes.
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What varietally labeled wine does Marches produce?
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Verdicchio
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What are Super Tuscans?
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Flag-ship wine using Cabernet Sauvignon, Sangiovese, or a blend of the two.
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What is the Gallo Nero?
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means "black rooster"; Chianti Consortium then promoted higher quality Chianti Classico, bottled in Bordeaux-shaped bottles
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What is Joven (spanish)?
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indicates young wines that do not qualify for "Crianza"
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What is Crianza (spanish)?
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indicates a wine aged for at least two years, with at least six months in oak for reds
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What is reserva (spanish)?
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indicates a higher quality wine with longer mandatory maturation. A total of 3 years of aging for reds, one year of which must be in oak
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What is Gran Reserva (spanish)?
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indicates a wine aged for at least five years, one and a half years of which must be in oak for reds
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What is Cava?
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a sparkling wine made bu the traditional Champagne method, but with indigenous grape varieties: Xarel-lo, Parellada, and Macabeo. Same process as for Champagne, except Minimum agining requirement is shorter
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What is Rioja?
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Spain's most famous wine region. One of the two DOCa regions.
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What two regions are Spain's only two DOCa's?
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Rioja and Priorato
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What is reserva (Portugal)?
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indicates a higher quality wine with alcoholic strength .5% above the minimum
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What is Garrafiera (Portugal)?
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a specifically Portuguese wine category for wines from a superior vintage that don't need to be from a demarcated region, must be riper, and must have a mandatory two years aging in wood and one additional year in bottle for red wines, with six months wood and an additional six months in bottle for whites
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What is the Douro?
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Portugal's most exciting wine region (DOC).
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How is Port made?
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by vigorously macerating the skins and juice during the brief fermentation, which generally lasts between 24 and 36 hours. This maceration is traditional performed in stone lagares by barefoot workers marching back and forth over the grapes.
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What is Ruby?
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This Port's basic style; generally aged in a combination of wood and other vessels for two to three years before bottling
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What is Vintage Character?
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a high quality Ruby Port; with factors determining its high quality left to the producer
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What is Tawny?
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broad category in terms of quality and wood aging. Lesser quality Tawny ports are made from lighter colored wines. Better quality Tawny Ports are made from richer colored wines that are aged for long periods, generally six years or more, to produce the wood flavors and "tawny" color
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What is aged tawny?
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includes many of the best Tawny Ports. Ports are categorized as 10, 20, 30, or 40 years old, representing the average age of the wines in the blend
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What is Colheita?
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A vintage dated Tawny, which by law must be aged for at least 7 years in wood.
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What is Vintage Port?
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Top 2% of production. By law, Vintage Port must be bottled at the second anniversary.
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What is Single-Quinta Vintage Ports?
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offer the consumer a single-vineyard (quinta) wine from slightly less than vintage quality year
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What is Late Bottled Vintage?
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a less costly alternative to vintage port. bottled between 4 and 6 years of age.
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What is crusted port?
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richness of vintage port, but made with a blend of vintages
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What is Kabinett?
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Lowest level of Germany's Pradikat levels.
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What is Spatlese?
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second level of Germany's Pradikat system; made from slightly riper grapes than Kabinett
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What is Auslee?
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Germany's Pradikat level
"outside" of normal harvest; very ripe grapes |
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What is Beernauslese?
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Germany's Pradkiat level
"single-berry harvest"; made only from botrytis-affected berries that are individually harvested |
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What is Trockenbeernauslese?
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Germany's Pradikat level
"dry single berry harvest"; made from only the desicated, botrytis affected grapes. very sweet. |
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What is Eiswein?
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means "ice wine";
made from healthy berries that are harvested frozen after the first frost |
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What is Classic (Germany)?
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requires that wine be dry, made from a traditional grape variety, and originate from one region
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What is Selection (Germany)?
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any "classic" wines made from grapes harvested at 60 hectoliters per hectare yield or less, which not have been mechanically harvested
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What is Trocken?
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This term can be used for any wine that has 9 grams per liter or less residual sugar
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What is Halbtrocken?
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any wine that has 18 grams per liter or less of residual sugar
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What is Deutscher Sekt?
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German sparkling wine; best made from Riesling and bottle fermented
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What is Austria's most planted red grape?
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Zweight
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What is Austria's most planted white grape?
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Gruner Veltiner
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What is the principle grape variety of Edna Valley? And what region is Edna Valley in?
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Chardonnay; San Luis Obispo region
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What is Oregon's most successful grape variety?
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Pinot Noir
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What are the three principle grape varieties of Oregon?
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Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay
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What feature of Washington allows grapes to fair better?
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abundant sunshine
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What is Washington's prime red?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
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What feature allows Chile to grow great grapes?
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-low humidity
-no phylloxera -dry and warm -no rot or mildew -irrigation -grow at high yields |
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What is the requirement for "reserve" wines in Chile?
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come from a legally defined appellation
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What are the requirements on Chile for labels?
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75% of the varietal stated on the label; 75% from legal defined appellation to be mentioned on label
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What is "vino fino"?
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min of 80% of varietal on label and grapes from region specified, with at least the amount of sugar required to be exported
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What is the appellation system in South Africa?
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Wine of Origin (WO); certifies that what the label says is true
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What is Australia's Show System?
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Australians enter their wines in a series of shows in various cities throughout the country. The most prestigious prize, given to the best one-year old red wine, is the Jimmy Watson trophy
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What is "dial-a-style"?
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when Australian wine companies seek out niches in the marketplace and create wines to fit the profile consumers are looking for
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What are Australia's label requirements?
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wines carrying a varietal, vintage and/or regional designation must contain at least 85% of what is specified on the label; wines that are blended must list the blends in descending order
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What is "Terra-Rosa"?
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a reddish, iron-rich limestone soil; located in the Limestone Coast Zone (Australia)
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Who invented Yellow Tail?
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Casella wines, of Riverina (AU)
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Who is Dr. Richard Smart?
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encouraged NZ wine growers to install trellises that would allow adequate air circulation and for sunlight to be able to shine directly on grape bunches
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How many days of sunlight are needed during the growing season?
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100 days
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What is La Methode Champenoise?
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1. Pressing: Cuvee (free run juice) and Tailles (lightest pressing) can be used
2. Debourbage: pumped in stainless steel tanks; SO2 and bentonite added 3. First fermentation: warm temps (malolactic) 4. Assemblage or blending 5. Second Fermentation: Liquer de Tirage added 6. Maturing: age for at least 15 months; yeast sediment breaks down 7. Remuage or Riddling: turning and shaking to move solid matter to neck of bottle 8. Stacking sur pointes: stacked upside down; sediment moves to neck 9. Disgorging: goop removed from neck 10: dosage: add Liquer d'Expedition |
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What is the French Classification system?
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1.Appellation d'Origine Controlee (AOC)
2.Vins Delimites de Qualite Superieure (VDQS) 3.Vin de Pays (VdP) 4. Vin de Table (VT) |
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What is Italy's classification system?
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1. Denominazoine di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)
2. Denominzoine di Origine Controllata (DOC) 3. Indicazoine Geographica Tipica (IGT) 4. Vino de Tavola (Table Wine) |
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What is Spain's classification system?
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1. Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa): rioja & priorato
2. Denominacion de Origen (DO) 3. Vinos de Calidad Con Indication Geographiva (VDIG) 4. Vino de la Tierra (VDIT) 5. Vino Comarcal (VC) 6. Vino de Mesa (VdM) |
