Intro To Viruses

Front 1

NAME FIVE PARTS FOR THE STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES

Back 1

1-SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY
2-CAPSID
3-ENVELOPE
4-COMPLEX
5-NUCLEIC ACID

Front 2

NAME TWO MAJOR STRUTURES OF VIRUSES

Back 2

1- NAKED NUCLEOCAPSID VIRUS
2- ENVELOPED VIRUS

Front 3

CAPSID

Back 3

THE PROTEIN COVERING OF A VIRUS'S NUCLEIC ACID CORE

Front 4

NAME TWO TYPES OF CAPSIDS

Back 4

1- HELICAL
2- ICOSAHEDRAL

Front 5

HELICAL

Back 5

NUCLEOCAPSID IS RIGID AND TIGHLY WOUND INTO A CYLINDER- SHAPED PACKAGE

Front 6

ICOSAHEDRAL

Back 6

THREE- DIMENSIONAL, 20 SIDED WITH 12 EVENLY SPACED CORNERS

Front 7

GIVE A EXAMPLE OF A HELICAL CAPSID

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NAKED- TOBACCO MOSAIC

ENVELOPED- INFLUENZA, MEASLES, RABIES

Front 8

GIVE A EXAMPLE OF A ICOSAHEDRON CAPSID

Back 8

POLIO
ADENOVIRUS

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ENVELOPE

Back 9

A VIRUS WHOSE NUCLEOCAPSID IS ENCLOSED BY A MAMBRANE DERIVED IN PART FROM THE HOST CELL. IT USUALLY CONTAINS EXPOSED GLYCOPROTEIN SPIKES SPECIFIC FOR THE VIRUS

Front 10

WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CAPSID/ENVELOPE

Back 10

PROTECTS NUCLEIC ACID FROM THE HOST'S ACID AND PROTEIN- DIGESTING ENZYMES AND ASSIST IN BINDING AND PENERATING HOST CELL AND STIMULATE THE HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM

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COMPLEX VIRUSES

Back 11

STRUTURE IS MORE INTRICATE THAN HELICAL AND ICOSAHEDRAL VIRUSES

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BACERIOPHAGE

Back 12

A VIRUS THAT SPECICFICALLY INFECTS BACTERIA. INJECTS THEIR NUCLEIC ACID INTO THE BACTERIA

Front 13

NAME THREE DISTINTIONS OF VIRAL NUCLEIC ACID

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1- EITHER DNA OR RNA
2- POSSES ONLY THE GENES TO INVADE & REGULATE THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF HOST CELLS
3- NO VIRAL METABOLIC GENES, AS THE VIRUSE USES THE HOST METABOLIC RESOURCES

Front 14

EXAMPLES OF RETROVIRUSES

Back 14

HIV

Front 15

HOW ARE VIRUSES CLASSIFIED

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STRUCTURE
CHEMICAL COMPOSTION
GENETIC MAKEUP
HOST RELATIONSHIP
TYPE OF DISEASE

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6 STEPS OF MULTIPLICATION

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1- ADSORPTION
2- PENETRATION
3- UNCOATING
4- SYNTHESIS
5- ASSEMBLY
6- RELEASE

Front 17

ADSORPTION

Back 17

A PROCESS OF ADHERING ONE MOLECULE ONTO THE SURFACE OF ANOTHER MOLECULE. VIRUS ATTACHES TO THE HOST CELLS SURFACE

Front 18

PENETRATION

Back 18

THE CELL ENGULFS THE ATTACHED VIRUS BY ENDOCYTOSIS

Front 19

UNCOATING

Back 19

THE HOST CELL FREES THE VIRAL NUCLEIC ACID INTO THE CELLS CYTOPLASM

Front 20

SYNTHESIS

Back 20

THE HOST CELL READS THE NUCLEIC ACID

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ASSEMBLY

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AFTER THE NUCLEIC ACID HAS BEEN SYTHESISED THE HOST CELL BUILDS MORE VIRUSES OF THE SAME TYPE

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RELEASE

Back 22

A COMPLETED ENVELOPED VIRUSES IS RELEASED AND READY TO INFECT ANOTHER CELL

Front 23

CYTOPATHIC EFFECT

Back 23

THE DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN CELLS ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL INFECTIONS.

Front 24

NAME 4 TYPES OF CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS

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1- INCLUSION BODIES
2- SYNYTIA
3- CHRONIC LATENT STATE
4- TRANSFORMATION

Front 25

INCLUSION BODIES

Back 25

COMPACT MASSES OF VIRUSES

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SYNCYTIA

Back 26

FUSING OF CELLS TOGETHER

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CHRONIC LATENT STATE

Back 27

VIRUS IN CELLS, BUT NOT ACTIVE, CAN BE ACTIVATED AGAIN
EXAMPLE HERPES

Front 28

TRANSFORMATION

Back 28

A OVERGROWTH OF VIRAL CELLS CAN CAUSE CANCER

Front 29

LYSOGENY

Back 29

WHEN BACTERIOPHAGE CAN INSERT ITS DNA INTO THE BACTERIAL HOST GENOME

Front 30

WHY IS IT HARD TO GROW VIRUSES

Back 30

VIRUSES REQUIRE A HOST CELL TO GROW

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IN VIVO

Back 31

USING A LIVE HOST CELL-
EMBROYONIC BIRD TISSUSE

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IN VITRO

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OUTSIDE A LIVING ORGANISM- CELL OR TISSUE CULTURE

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SAPROBIC

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A MICROBE THAT DECOMPOSES ORGANIC REMAINS FROM DEAD ORGANISMS

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PARASITIC

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AN ORGANISM THAT LIVES IN OR ON ANOTHER ORGANISM, FROM WHICH IT OBTAINS NUTRIENTS AND ENJOYS PROTECTION

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HALOPHILES

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SALT LOVING

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OBLIGATE HALOPHILE

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NEEDS SALT TO GROW

Front 37

WHAT IS USED TO DEMONSTRATE OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS

Back 37

THIOGLYCOLLATE BROTH

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GENEOTYPE

Back 38

THE SUM OF ALL GENE TYPES

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PHENOTYPE

Back 39

EXPRESSION OF THE GENOTYPES

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ANTIBIOTIC

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ONE ORGANISM GROWN TO DESTROY ANOTHER ORGANISM

Front 41

ANTIMICROBIAL

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A SPECIAL CLASS OF COMPOUNDS CAPABLE OF DESTROYING OR INHIBITING MICROORGANISMS

Front 42

AMES TEST

Back 42

A METHOD OF DETECTING MUTAGENIC AND POTENTIALLY CARCINOGENIC AGENTS BASED UPON THE GENETIC ALTERATIONS OF NUTRITIONALLY DEFECTIVE BACTERIA. WITHOUT USING LIVE ANIMALS

Front 43

RECOMBINATION- NAME THREE STEPS

Back 43

SHARING PARTS OF VIRUSES GENOME
1- CONJUGATION
2-TRANSFORMATION
3- TRANSDUCTION

Front 44

CONJUGATION

Back 44

TRANSFERS PLASMID DNA FROM A F+ CELL TO A F- CELL BY WAY OF A PILUS

Front 45

TRANSFORMATION

Back 45

FREE DNA IS PICKED UP BY A CELL

Front 46

TRANSDUCTION

Back 46

BACTERIOPHAGE INFECT HOST CELL

SERVE AS THE CARRIER OF DNA FROM A DONOR CELL TO A RECIPIENT CELL