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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Victimology |
The study of etiology (or causes) of victimization, its consequences, how the criminal justice system accommodates and assists victims, and how other elements of society, such as the media, deal with crime victims. |
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Lex talionis |
An eye for an eye |
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Retribution |
A criminal is punished because he or she deserved it, and the punishment is equal to the harm caused |
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Restitution |
Money or services paid to victims of crimes by the offenders |
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Code of Hammurabi |
Early Babylonian code that emphasized the restoration of equity between the offender and the victim. |
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Victim precipitations |
The extent to which a victim is responsible for his or her own victimization. |
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Victim facilitation |
When a victim unintentionally makes it easier for an offender to commit a crime |
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Victim provocation |
When a person does something that incites another person to commit an illegal act |
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Hans von Henting |
Developed a victim typology based on characteristics of the victim that increase risk of victimization |
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Benjamin Mendelsohn |
"Father of victimology" coined in the 1940's
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Stephen Schafer |
Argued that victims have a functional responsibility not to provoke others into victimizing or harming them and that they also should actively attempt to prevent that from occurring.
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Marvin Wolfgang |
Used Philadelphia homicide data to conduct the first empirical investigation of victim precipitation.
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Subintentional Homicide |
The victim facilitates her or his own death by using poor judgement, placing himself or herself at risk, living a risky lifestyle, or using alcohol or drugs. |
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Menachem Amir |
Studied victim provocation in rapes. |
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National Crime Survey |
First-ever government-sponsored victimization survey; relied on victims to recall their own victimization experiences |
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women's movement |
Recognized the need for female victims of crime to receive special attention and help due to the fact that victimizations such as sexual assault and domestic violence are by products of sexism, traditional sex roles, emphasis on traditional family value values and the economic subjugation of women. |
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civil rights movement |
Advocated against racism and discrimination, noting that all Americans have rights that are protected by the U.S. Constitution |
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victims' rights movement |
Movement centered on giving victims a voice in the criminal justice system and providing them rights |
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costs of victimization/crime |
Mental, physical, and monetary loss that victims of crime incur
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