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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What wines grow darker with age |
White and Blush wines
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What wines grow lighter with age
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Red Wines
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Staining in the Tears in red wine means
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extra, richness and concentration. higher alcohol
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What latitude are vineyards planted
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30-50 degrees latitude
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Maturity Measurment
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Brix- ripe at 25 brix
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chapatalization means
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adding sugar to a must
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when was the Appellation d'orgine Controlee founded
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1936
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Appellation d' origine protegee levels
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1- Vin de france2- IGP- Indication Geographique Protegee3- AOP- Appellation d' Origine Protegee
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Percentage of AOP Wine status
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50% of all French wine
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What grape varieties dominate in Burgundy?
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Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
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Napoleonic Code inheritance law
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associated with Burgundy- Heirs split ownership. this meant that not just the first son had the right to land
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Burgundy primary white grapes |
- Chardonnay- Aligote
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Burgundy primary red grapes
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- Pinot noir-Gamay
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Climate in Burgundy
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Continental
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Soil in Burgundy
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Chalk, Clay, Marl- North Granite- South
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Burgundy AOC system is based on
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Terroir not chateau or brand
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Burgundy producers of wine
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Domaine or Negociants
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Burgundy Classifications
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low- Regional- 56%- Villages- 30%- Premier cru- 12%-Grand Cru- 2%
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Chablis Grapes
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Chardonnay exclusively
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All Chablis Grand Crus have this in common
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they all have southwest exposure
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4 Chablis AOCs
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- Petit Chablis- Chablis - Chablis Premier cru(Fourchaume, Mont de Milieu, Montee de tonnerre, Vaillons) -Chablis Grand Cru(Vadesir, Valmur, Les Preuses, Grenouilies, Bougros, les clos, Blanchot)
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7 Grand Cru of Chablis
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1-Vaudesir2-Valmur3- Les Preuses4- Grenouilles5- Bourgros6- Les Clos7- Blanchot
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What does Cote d' or mean
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"Slope of Gold"
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Sub- regions of Cote d' Or
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- Cote de Nuits- Red (corton is in Beaune)- Cote de Beaune- White (Musigny Blanc in Nuits)
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Cotes de Nuits Variety
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Pinot Noir
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9 Cote de Nuits AOCs
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1-Marsannay2- fixin3- Gevery Chambertin4- Morey st denis5- Chambolle Musigny6- Vougeot7- Echezeaux8- Vosne- Romanee9- Nuits St George
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7 Cotes de Beaune
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1- Aloxe Corton2- Beaune3- Pommard4- Volnay5- Meursault6- Puligny Montrachet7- Chassagne- Montrachet
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5 Cote Chalonnaise AOCs
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1- Bouzeron- whites from Aligote2- Rully3- Mercurey4- Givry5- Montagny- white only
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6 Maconnais AOCs
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1- Macon2- Macon- superieur3- Macon Villages4- St- Veran5- Pouilly- Fuisse, Loche, Vineles6- Vire- Clesse
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10 Beaujolais Grand Cru
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1- St amour2- Julienas3- Chenas4- Chiroubles5- Moulin- a- vent6- Fleurie7- Morgon8- Regnie9- Brouilly10- Cote de Brouilly
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Classic Champage Grape Varietie
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- Chardonnay- Pinot noir- Meunier
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Sparkling wine Methods of Production- 4
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- Classic method- Transfer Method- Charmat Method- Cuve close- Carbonations
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8 Classic Method Step
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- press grapes- fermentation in stainless of wood- Assemblage of the Cuvee- Liqueur de tirage- sur- lee aging- Riddling- Disgorging- Dosage
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Assemblage of the Cuvee means
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- Grape juice from tones of different areas
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Liqueur de tirage means
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wine, sugar, yeast
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Sur- lie aging means
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The effect of Autolysis- breakdown of yeast
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Gyropalette was invented by what country
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spain
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Dosage means
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Further aging, Liqueur d' expedition
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Transfer Method Step
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-Same as classic- then all bottles are transfered to a tank, filtered, and rebottled
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Charmat Process step
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- wine pumped into tanks with liqueur de triage- wine finished in 5 days- filtered and bottled
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Champagne styles (7)
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1- Non- Vintage2- Vintage3- Rose4-Blanc de Blanc5- Blanc de Noir6- Single vineyard7- Cuvess de Prestige
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6 Champagne sweetness level
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-Brut zero- bone dry- Brut- Dry- Extra Dry- Off Dry- Sec- Semi- Sweet- Demi Sec- Sweet- Doux- Very Sweet
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9 Large Format Bottle Size
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- Magnum(2)- Jeroboam (4)- Rehoboam (6)- Methuselah (8)- Salmanazar (12)- Balthazar (16)- Nebuchadnezzar (20)- Solomon (24)- Primat (36)
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5 Regions in Champagne
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1- Montagne de Reims2- Vallee de la Marne3- Cote de Blanc4- Cote de Sezanne5- Cote des Bars
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Cremant means
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Sparkling wine in france created outside of champagne
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Italian Sparkling Terms (4)
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- Spumante- fully- Frizzante- semi- Asti- Franciacorta- Lombardy/ classic method
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Cava in Spain
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- more sparkling than anywhere else- produced in Catalonia
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Bordeaux wines are recognized by
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- Chateau brands more than vineyard
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Chateau meaning
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estate under single ownership
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Courtier
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- middlemann acting as a chateauz and the bordaux merchant
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En prmeur Sales
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early release of wine for sale
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Bordeaux white Grape Variety (3)
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- Semillion- Sauvignon Blanc- Muscadelle
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Bordeaux red Grape Variety (5)
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- Cabernet Sauvignon- Merlot- Cabernet Franc- Malbec - Petit Verdot
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Left Bank - Medoc Communes Blends
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70%- Cabernet Sauvignon30% Merlot
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Right Bank- St- Emillion and Pomerol Blends
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70% Merlot25% Cabernet Franc
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Bordeaux Climate
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Maritime
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Bordeaux Soil type
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- Medoc and Graves- Gravel- St- Emillion- gravel over limestone- Pomerol- Iron, sand, clay
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Medoc Classificaiton of 1855
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Ranked 61 properties in the medoc
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5 Medoc First Growths
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1- Chateau Lafite- Rothschild2- Chateau Latour3- Chateau Mouton- Rothschild4- Chateau Margaux5- Chateau Haut- Brion
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Haut Medoc AOC fact
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Contains the six communes and the most of the classified growth Chateaux
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Saint- Estephe AOC Fact
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Five cassified growths including the second growth Chateaux Cos d' Estournel and Montros
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Pauillac AOC fact
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three first growths- chateaux Latour- Lafite rothschild- Mouton- Rothschild
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Saint- Julien AOC fact
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Smallest commune but largest % of classified growths (11)
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Margaux AOC fact
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- Largest AOC in Haut- Medoc- Chateau Margaux- first growth
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Graves and pessac Leognan fact
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Graves Classified AOC
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Sautrnes
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- botrytis dessert wine- semillion, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle
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Botrytis cinerea- Pourriture noble
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fungus that develops under humid conditions
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Saint Emilion AOC grape variety
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- Merlot and Cabernet franc dominatied wines
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Saint- Emilion Classifictions (3)
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- Premier Grand Cru Classe a(Chateau Ausone, Angelus, Pavie, and cheval- blanc)- Premier Grand Cru Classe B(14)- Grand Cru Classe (64)
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Pomerol AOC prinicpal chateaux (5)
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- Petrus- La Fleur Petrus- La Conseillante- Vieux- chatea- certan - Trotanoy(area has never been classified)
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Bourg and Blaye
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- oldest vineyards in Bordeaux
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Rhone Valley primary white grapes (3)
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- Viognier- Roussanne/ Marsanne
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Rhone Valley Primary Red Grape
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Syrah
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8 Northern Rhone AOCs
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1- Cote rotie-syrah- 20% viognier2- Condrieu- viognier3- Chateau- Grillet- Viognier4- St joseph- 90% S- 10% R&M- white5- Crozes- Hermitage- S- 15% R&M- White6- Hermitage- S- 15% R&M- white7- Cornas- S8- st Peray- R&M still/ spark
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Southern Rhone Varieties- Red (4)
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- Syrah- Grenache- Mourvedre- Cinsault
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10 Southern Rhone Appellations
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1- Chateauneuf-du- Pape2- Gigondas- 50% Grenache3- Vacqueyras- Grenache, syrah, Mourvedre4- Cotes- du- Rhone5- Cotes du Rhone Villages6- Tavel- grenache rose7- Lirac- 8- Beaumes-de- Venise9- Vinsobres10- Rasteau
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Provence
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known for rose- bandol- cassis
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Languedoc and Roussillion Varieties white
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Grenache Blanc
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Languedoc and Roussillion Varieties red (2)
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CinsaultGrenache
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Vin doux naturel
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- produced by adding distillate to a fermenting must- muscat de beaumes de venise
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Vin de Liqueur
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- Produced by adding distillate to unfermented must
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Loire Valley white varieties (3)
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- chenin blanc- Melon de bourgogne- Muscadet-Sauvignon Blanc
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Loire Valley Red Varieties (2)
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Cabernet FrancPinot Noir
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Pays Nantais Varieties
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Melon de Bourgogne
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pays Natais AOCS
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- Muscadet Sevre et Maine Aoc- s- crus- Clisson, Gorges, Le Pallet
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Anjou- Saumur AOC (3)
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- anjou- chenin blanc, sauvignon, cab franc- Rose d' anjou- cab franc and sauvignon rose- Anjou villages- cab franc and Sauvignon
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Anjou: Savennieres
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- Dry wines from chenin Blanc - tiny appellation
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Anjou: Layon Valley
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- sweet, botrytis, chenin blanc- Coteaux du Layon AOC:(Bonnezeaux, Quarts de Chaume, Coteaux du Layon)
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Touraine AOC (2)
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- Vouvray- chenin, wide range of syles- chinon
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Central Vineyard AOC's (5)
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- Sancerre- SB, PN- Pouilly Fume-SB- Menetou- Salon- SB, PN- Quincy-SB- Reuilly-SB, PN, PG
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Alsace Noble Varieties (4)
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- Riesling- Gewurztraminer- Muscat- Pinot Gris others known here:- Pinot Blanc, Auxerrois
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Vendange Tardive meaning
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- Late harvest wine from a single, noble variety- rich, full bodied- not necessarily sweet
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Selection De Grains Nobles Meaning
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- Botryis wines from single, noble variety- small quantities
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Edelzwicker
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Blended wine Late harvest
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Reserve Personnell, Reserve Particuliere
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cuvees
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Australia Geographical Indication
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- Geographical areas only
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Australia Label Integrity program
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- Guarantees all clames on label
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South Eastern Australia Super zone
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- Largest GI
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New South Wales Grapes (2)
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- Semillon - Shiraz
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New South Wales notable GI
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Hunter Valley
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Victoria Notiable GI (2)
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- Yarra valley- PN, CH, CabSauv- Rutherglen- stickies- Muscat, Muscadelle- dessert wine
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South Australia fact
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-55% Australia wine- Penfolds
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South Australia notable GI (5)
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- Barossa Valley- oldest - Shiraz- Grenache- Cab Sauvignon- Eden valley- McLaren Vale- Clare Valley-Coonawarra
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Western Australia GI (2)
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- Margaret River- chard, cab s--- Premier-Swan District and Swan Valley - Hub of industry. Hottest
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Tasmania
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- Sparkling wine industry
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New Zealand Background
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Benchmarked Sauvignon Blanc
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New Zealand White varieties (5)
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- Sauvignon Blanc- Chardonnay- Riesling- Gewurztraminer- Muller- Thurgau
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New Zealand Red
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- Pinot Noir -cab sauv - merlot - shiraz
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North Island regions (2)
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- Hawkes Bay- driest- Ackland- first
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South Island Grape Varieties
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-Sauvigion Blanc - chardonay - Riesling - Pinot Gris- Pinot Noir - syrah
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South Island Region (3)
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- Marlbourgh- Cenral Otago-most southernly wine region in world- nelson- 2nd fastest growing
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South Africa Varities (4)
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- Chenin Blanc- Colombard - Sauvignon blanc, Chardonnnay, Muscat- Pinotage- Cabernet sauvignon/franc - merlot, shiraz, grenache, pinot noir
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South Africa wines of Origin system
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- inrtoduced in 1973- vintage and Varietal 85%
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Geographical Unit
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- Western Cape
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south African Regions
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- Coastal - finest wines, important
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Coastal Region Districts (2)
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- Stellenbosch- reds and research- Paarl Second-
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Breede River district (2)
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- Worcester- largest producer- Robertson
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AVA defiened as
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delimited grape growing areas- tax and trade bureau
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TTB Label Laws (4)
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- 75% Variety - 95% year- 85% stated AVA- 95% Vineyard
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California Major Regions (5)
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- North Coast AVA (napa, sonoman, mendocino, lake, marin, solano)- Sierra Foothills AV- Central Coast AVA(- Central Valley AVA- Southern Coast AVA
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Napa Valley AVA (13)
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-los carneros- wild hourse valley- oak knoll district- yountville- Stags Leap- Mount Veeder- Oakville- Rutherford- Atlas Peak- Spring Mountain- Diamond Mountain- St. Helena- Coombsville
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Sounoma County AVA (6)
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- Green Valley Russian river- Knights Valley - Russian river valley - Sonoma coast- Alexander Valley- Dry Creek Valley
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Mendocino County AVA
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Anderson Valley
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San Benito County
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- Mount Harlan
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Monterey County
|
- Santa Lucia Highland - Pinot Noir
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Paso Robles
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one of CA's olderst regions
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Oregon AVA (4)
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- Southern Oregon- Rogue Valley - Applegate Valley - Umqua Valley
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Washington AVAs (2)
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- Walla Walla valley- oregon- puget sound
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New York state
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Americas oldest wine industry - Labrusca grape- riesling and cab franc
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New York AVA (4)
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- Hamptons- North Fork of Lond Island-Hudson River Region- Finger lakes
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Northern Italy white varieties (2)
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- Cortese- Arneis
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Northern Italy Red Varieties (4)
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- Nebbiolo(barolo, Barbaresco) - Barbera- Docetto- Brachetto
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Piedmont DOCGs (9)
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- Borolo- Barbaresco- Gattinara- Asti - Moscato d' Asti- Barbera d' Asti- Barbera del Monferrato Superiore- Gavi- Roero
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Lombardy DOCGs (2)
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- Valtellina Superiore DOCG- nebbiolo- Franciacorta DOCG- sparkling
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Veneto DOCGs (3)
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- Amarone delle Valpolicella- Proseco di conegliano, Valdobbiadene, colli asolani- Soave- superiore, sup. classico, recioto di soave(sweet)
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Valpolicella (3)
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- grape variety Corvina Veronese- Amarone delle Valpolicello DOCG- Recioto della Valpolicello
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Ripasso
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Re- passed- putting valploicella into tanks or barrels with lees or dried fruit causes second fermentaiton
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Appassimento Process
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- Grapes harvested and dried for several weeks in special rooms
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Prosecco
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Sparkling wine made from Glera grape
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Soave
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DOCG- Superiore, sup Classico, Reciot- Gargenega white grape with Trebbiano di Soave
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Friuli Venezia Giulia Varieties (2)
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- Pinot Grigio- Pinot Blanco
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Emilia Romagna wines (3)
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- Albana di Romagna DOCG - first DOCG- Sangiovese- lambrusco
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Central Italy white Varities (3)
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- Trebbiano Toscano- Vernaccia- Malvasia
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Central Italy Red Varities (2)
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- Sangiovese (prugnolo Gentile, Brunello, Morelliono)- Canaiolo (for blending)
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Central Italy DOCGs (6)
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- Chianti- chianti Classico- Vino Nobile di Montepulciano- Brunello di Montalcino- Morellino di Scasano- Vernaccia di san Gimignano
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Chianti Classico Grape rule
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Sangiovese 80%
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Chianti Sub- Zones DOCG (8)
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- Classico- Rufina- Colli Fiorentini (florence)- Colli senesi (siena)- Colline Pisane (pisa)- Colli Aretini (Arezzo)- Montalbano- Montespertoli
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Brunello di Montalcino rule
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100% brunello ( Sangiovese clone)
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Central Italy Dessert wine
|
- Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG- dry white from vernaccia
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Latium (rome) (2)
|
- Cesanese del Piglio Rosso/ Reserva DOCG- Franscati Superiore
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Umbria Appellations
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- Torgiano Riserva DOCG- Important reds
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Marches white Varieties
|
- Verdicchio- treasured white grape of italy
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Abruzzo Appellations
|
Montepulciano d' Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG
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southern Italy Appellations
|
Taurasi DOCG ( Aglianico)
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Sicily important Appellations
|
- Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG - Nero d' avolo and Frappatto
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Sardinia important Appellations
|
- Vermentino di Gallura DOCG
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Germany History
|
the Shadow of "sweet" Liebfraumilch ceding to rise to terroir driven quality and sommelier appreciation
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Germany red grape variety
|
Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir)
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Rheinhessen quality extremes (2)
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- land of Liebfraumilch- Nackenheimer rothenberg- german greatest vineyards
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what does Weissburgunder mean
|
Pinot Blanc
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Austria major wine regions
|
Niederosterreich -Wachau - Kamptal - Wagram - Burgenland - Steiermark - Wien
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Hungary- Takaj
|
renowned botrytis dessert wines has been produced for centuries
|
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Greece Primary White Grape Varieties (3)
|
- Assyrtick- Roditis- Moschofilero
|
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What is the most planted white grape in the world?
|
Airen- spain
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Spain red Varieties (3)
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- Tempranillo - Carinena- Garnacha
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Spanish wine Classifications (5)
|
- vino- table wine- vino de la Tierra- IGP wine- vino de Calidad con indicacion Geografica- DOP-Denominacion de origen- DOP- DO pagos- single vineyard
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Northewest spain Galicia Rias Baixas DO varieties
|
- Albarino- dry crisp
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Rioja red varieties (2)
|
TempranilloGarnacha
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Rioja Sub Zones- 3
|
1- Rioja Alta2- Rioja Alavesa3- Rioja Baja
|
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Rioja Alta
|
- continental - clay, chalk (Viura) , iron(tempranillo)
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Rioja Alavesa
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- maritime- chalk - tempranillo
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Rioja Baja
|
- Warm climate- Clay -Garnacha
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Northeast Spain- Tarragona: 3 Penedes
|
- Cava- three sub districts:- Baix Penedes- Medio Penedes- Alto Peneses
|
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South Spain- Castilla: La Mancha
|
Largest elevated central plateau
|
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Flor Sherry: Saccharomyces
|
- grows on the surface of casks between 14.5%- 15.5% alcohol
|
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Sherry: Biological Styles (4)
|
aged under flor- Fino- Manzanilla- Amontillado- Palo Cortado
|
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Fino
|
the lightest most delicate style of sherry fortified to 15.5%
|
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Manzanilla
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delicate syle of fino aged only in the coastal town of Sanlucar de Barrameda
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Amontillado
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fino that has been left in cask for additional aging and develops a rich, nutty , character
|
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Palo Cortado
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a dry style that has characteristics of both fino/ amontillado and Oloroso - limited flor
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Sherry Oxidative styles (2)
|
no Flor- Oloroso- Palo Cortado
|
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Oloroso
|
rich style forified to 17% abd usually aged longer - true are dry but some are sweet and sold as cream sherries
|
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Palo Cortado- Oxidized
|
once flor dies it is oxidized
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Portugal Douro DOC Varieties
|
Touriga Nacional- most important red
|
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Port Red Varieties
|
- Touriga Nacional
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Madeira Grapes sweetness level (4)
|
Dry- Sercial- Verdelho- Boal- MalvasiaSweet
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Chile Wine Law Standards
|
75%
|
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Chile major wine region
|
Valle Central
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Valle Cenral major growing regions
|
- Maipo
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Maipo
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in Valle central region- cabernet Sauvignon
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Casablanca
|
in Acocongua region- Maritime, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay
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Sake Types (5)
|
JunmaiHonjozoNigoriGinjo Daiginjo
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Junmai
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pure rice wine- no added alcohol
|
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Honjozo
|
30% rice polished asway some added alcohol
|
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Nigori
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Milky, unfiltered, off- dry
|
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Ginjo
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40% rice polished away. with or without added alcohol
|
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Daiginjo
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50% rice polished away- with or without added alcohol
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Aperitifs
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Appetite stimulators- Vermouth
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Digestifs
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digestion stimulators like bitters
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Liqueurs
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- Herb/ spice/ Nut- Fruit- Cream- Whiskey
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