Intro To Sociology Chapter 5

Front 1

globalization

Back 1

the extensive movement of capital and ideas between nations due to the expansion

Front 2

Immigration

Back 2

attributed to the search of a better life in richer countries of the world & the globalization of communications technology

Front 3

Tourism

Back 3

- the growth of tourism is one indicator of the spread of international contact between people…

- tourism is the worlds largest industry

Front 4

Women’s Work

Back 4

with few transferable skills, many new immigrants, especially women, find employment as domestics or alongside national workers in “soft” sectors such as the garment industry

Front 5

export processing zones

Back 5

tax free “factory cities” where young Asian women are often lured by the promise of good jobs manufacturing products for export

Front 6

terms used to depict global stratification

Back 6

- first, second and third world

- developed, developing, undeveloped nations

- most industrialized, industrialized and least industrialized nations

Front 7

three primary dimensions

Back 7

1. property
2. power
3. prestige

Front 8

GDP

Back 8

is the preferred measure of whether an economy is expanding or contracting used by economists and other social scientists

Front 9

Four Worlds of Development

Back 9

1. Most industrialized nations
2. Industrializing nations
3. Least industrialized nations
4. Oil-rich, non-industrialized nations

Front 10

colonization

Back 10

more powerful nations made colonies out of weaker ones

Front 11

imperialism

Back 11

to take over other countries so they could expand their markets and gain access to cheap raw materials

Front 12

Immanuel Wallerstein

Back 12

proposed a world system theory

Front 13

4 groups of interconnected nations

Back 13

1. the core nations

2. semiperiphery; the nations around the Mediterranean

3. the periphery, or fringe, consists of Eastern European countries

4. the external areas, includes most of Africa and Asia

Front 14

core nations

Back 14

those that first embraced capitalism—these regions grew rich & powerful

Front 15

semiperiphery

Back 15

their economies stagnated as a result of their dependence on trade with core the nations

Front 16

the periphery, or fringe

Back 16

were primarily limited to selling cash crops to the core nations, their economy developed even less

Front 17

the external areas

Back 17

these nations were left out of the development of capitalism and had few economic connections with the core nations

Front 18

Semoperpherial countries

Back 18

act like core countries when trading with periphery, but appear to behave as peripheral nations when engaged in economic relations with core regions

Front 19

dependency theory

Back 19

stresses how the least industrialized nations became dependent on the most industrialized nations

Front 20

Anthony Giddens

Back 20

argument about how the process of globalization, with its very increasing reliance on what he called “decontextualized knowledge” deepens the questioning of traditional

Front 21

decontextualized knowledge

Back 21

expert systems built on data derived from information and communications technologies and transported via the internet

Front 22

Giddens’ “pure relationship”

Back 22

is based upon communication; that is “talk or dialogue is the basis of making the relationship work.”

Front 23

ontological security

Back 23

a sense of continuity and order in the events of an individual’s life

Front 24

John Kenneth Galbraith (1979)

Back 24

argued that some nations are crippled by a cultural poverty

Front 25

cultural poverty

Back 25

a way of life that perpetuates poverty from one generation to the next

Front 26

Sociologist Michael Harrington (1977)

Back 26

argued that nineteenth-century colonialism was replaced by twentieth-century neocolonialism

Front 27

neocolonialism

Back 27

when World War II changed public sentiment about sending soldiers and colonists to weaker countries, the most industrialized nations turned to international markets as a way of controlling the least industrialized nations

Front 28

transnational and multinational corporations

Back 28

companies that operate across many national boundaries, also help maintain the global dominance of the most industrialized nations

Front 29

Jose Bove

Back 29

an important representative of the anti globalization movement

Front 30

World Social Forum

Back 30

uses the internet as an “open space” to bring together social movements, organizations, NGOs and individuals to discuss alternatives to globalization