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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Culture
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the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviours and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next
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Material Culture
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jewellery, art, buildings, weapons etc…
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Non-material Culture
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ways of thinking and doing
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Symbolic Culture
(non-material culture) |
one of its central components is the symbols that people use to communicate
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Symbol
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anything to which people attach meaning and use to communicate—can be gestures, language, values, norms, sanction, folkways, or mores
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Gestures
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the use of one’s body to communicate with others, are useful shorthand ways of giving messages without using words
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Language
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the primary means of communication for humans is language——-a system of symbols that can be strung together in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought
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central sociological significance of language
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Language allows culture to develop by freeing people to move beyond their immediate experiences
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
(Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf) |
language create ways of thinking and perceiving
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Values
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ideas of what is desirable in life —standards which people define as good or bad
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Norms
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expectations, or rules of behaviour, that develop out of a groups values
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Sanctions
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positive or negative reactions to the ways people follow norms
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Positive Sanction
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refers to the expression of approval given for following a norm
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Negative Sanction
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denoted disapproval for breaking a norm
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Folkways
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norms that are not strictly enforced
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Mores
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essential to core values and we insist on conformity
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Taboo
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a norm so strongly engrained that the thought of its violation is greeted with revulsion
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Piere Bourdieu
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developed the concept of cultural capital in early 1960s
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Subculture
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consists of people whose experiences have led them to a distinctive way of looking at life
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Counterculture
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a group whose values, beliefs and related behaviours place its members in opposition to the broader culture
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Culture Shock
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when your non material culture fails to make sense of your surroundings
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Ethnocentrism
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tendency to use our own group’s ways of doing things as a yardstick for judging others
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Cultural Relativism
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understanding a people from the framework of its own culture
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Pluralistic Society
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a society made up of many different groups
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Value contradictions
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values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with one another
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Value Cluster
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values that come together to form a larger whole
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Cultural Universals
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values, norms, or other cultural traits that are found everywhere
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Cultural Lag
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William Ogburn’s term for human behaviour lagging behind technological innovations
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Cultural Diffusion
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the spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another
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Cultural Levelling
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a process in which cultures become similar to one another as expanding industrialization brings not only technology, but also Western culture to the rest of the world
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