Intro To Slp

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a child with a history of speech and lang. problems is more at risk of having

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reading impairments

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linking letters to the sounds they make, rather than to the letter name

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sound-symbols correspondence

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these provide a means of offering quick sucess for reading w/o having to sound out every word

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sight word vocabulary

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a specific reading disability is aka______

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dyslexia

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this is diagnosed when children's poor word reading appears to be caused by especially low phonological decoding

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dyslexia

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this often occurs in children with broader cases of autism or pervasive developmental disorder

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hyperlexia

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these kids can read out loud but show no comprehension of what they've read

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hyperlexia

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children invent their own words, ways of combining words and basically their own unique language

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Language deviance

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this is the most common dev. disorder affecting 7-8% of the population (more boys)

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ADHD

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name the 3 sub types of ADD or ADHD

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predominantly innatentive, predom. hyperactive/impulsive, or combined

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problems can mimic a comprehension dis. difficulty with the pragmatics (social rules) or lang.

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ADD ADHD

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a developmental disorder that profoundly affects the child's interactions w/ other people and with the world

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autism

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a child w. _____ may have poor eye contact and little attempts to verbally communicate. may have echolalia

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autism

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some children w this disorder may have early lang skills only to lose them later on

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autism

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common chars of this disorder are poor lang. comprehension and pragmatic skills

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autism

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lang. sings most typical of this disorder involve in disturbances in lang. use

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autism

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kids w/ ____ often have flat facial affect, strange patterns of attention to ppl and things, and an abnormal gaze during conversation

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autism

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an intelligence quotient (IQ) of less than 70 and significant deficits in adaptive functioning.

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retardation

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the DSM recognizes 4 levels of severity of this disorder: mild, moderate, severe and profound

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retardation

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_____________ cn be caused by genetic factors, exposure to toxins or an unknown cause

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retardation

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kids w. ____ are typically slow to aquire comm. skills

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retardation

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some toddlers w. ___ are less intercative and have fewer nonverbal forms of comm.

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retardation

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w.i. any group of _____ kids there is much variability in the aquisition of lang. skills

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retardation

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kids who were normally developing and loose their lang. skills due to brain damage is called_____

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childhood aphasia

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_____ can be caused by t.b.i, stroke, infectious disease or tumors

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childhood aphasia

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about 3/100,000 kids per years experience _____

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stroke

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_______ aphasia is more common is kids

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nonfluent

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when ____ are persistent and severe, behavioral deficits including lang. impairments may follow

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seizures

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when _______ are very bad, receptive abilities can be so impaired that the child behaves as if deaf

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seizures

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_______ syndrome is particularily associated w. lang. loss due to seizures

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landau-kleffner

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200/100,000 kids experience____

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TBI

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TBI can be ____ due to a penetrating or "open-head" injury

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focal

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TBI can be ____ due to applied force w/o penetration of the skull

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diffuse

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kids w/ ____ have comm. breakdowns that occur during conversation or discourse contexts, or lang. taks that demand attention, info processing and memory

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TBI

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kids w/ ____ can lack the ability to plan and organize one's behavior

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TBI

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the long-term prognosis for kids w/ ____ is dependent in part on which abilities were already acquired and which were still developing at the time of the disorder occuring

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TBI

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as said for kids w/ ___, "time reveals all wounds"

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TBI

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is there a disorder or not...

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language screening

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normative sample/norm referecne test

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compares one kids w/ "normal" kids his or her age

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a hearing eval. is always done in a ___

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lang. screening

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a ____ is a way to gather background info that may be used for many purposes. this will include info about pregnancy, birth and medical history of child

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case history

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kids w/ a dev. disorder are like to have a parent or relative with one

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case history

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a SLP may visit a kid's home to see what typical family comm looks like

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case history

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how a child play can provide insight into the level of cognitive and social functioning of that child

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case history

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if an SLP wants to establish if a kids can use syntactic structures during speaking tasks a ____ test would be performed

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criterion-referenced test

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these tests are narrowly focused and can be used to compare a kid's performance against a standard for specific behavior

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criterion-referenced test

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this kind of test may examine the number of words a child can recognize or their knowlege of word meanings

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norm-referenced test

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_____ refers to the degree to which test results lead to correct conclusions concerning the skills measured

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validity

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_____ refers to the degree to which a test provides consistent info every time it's given

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reliability

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although many associations try to make formal tests valid and reliable, many are not...

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formal tests

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____ is a method of assesing kids thru intervention. this arose to ensure kids are getting the right kind of intervention

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Response to Intervention (RTI)

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there are 3 major approaches to to _____________. prevention, remediation and compensation

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language therapy

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________ may be provided to children at risk for lang. impairments due to congential conditions, or early signs of delay.

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prevention

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_____ involves the correction of current deficits and is perhaps the most frequent for mof therapy for kids. the clinician will have very specific goals.

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remediation

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successfully bringing parents into the therapt process can be one of the biggest challenges for the clinician

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remediation

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_____ involves the introduction of strategies that assist the child to manage the effects of a disorder, rather than eliminating it's signs

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compensation

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an SLP may work on strategies to maximize comprehension of texts including ways to designate the main points ect...

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compensation

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emphasis on home-programs, classroom programs, and other techniques to incorporate theraoy into daily life have become very popular

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language therapy

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_____ approach includes modeling, expansion, extention and correction

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linguistic approach to language therapy

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child: "mommy eat"
parent: "mom is eating a blueberry bagel"

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expansion

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child: "doggie eat"
parent: "the dog eats because he is hungry"

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extension

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parents verbalize everything the child see's, does and hears

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parallel talk

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the parent verbalizes all they do see and hear

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self talk

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____________ consists of operant conditioning and the cognitive approach

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direct lang. teaching

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________ consists of naturalistic and structured teaching

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pragmatic approach

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when brain damage specifically affects the language centers in the brain, the result is called ___

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aphasia

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_____ is associated with left hemisphere damage

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aphasia

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areas of damage in aphasia are called

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lesions

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SLPs frequently participate in ______ and _____ of ppl w/ aphasia

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evaluation, rehabilitation

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____ is an impariment of language not always intellect or speech production

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aphasia

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difficulty coming up with words

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anomia

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the overuse of pronouns (we, thing, it) may be caused by

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anomia

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talking around a words is called

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circumlocution

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errors that involve the use of incorrect words or nonwords

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paraphasia

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nonwords aka ____

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neologisms

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a person w/ ________ will articulate w/o excessive effort. MLUs will be normal in length and some syntactic sturcture will be in place

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fluent aphasia

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those with _______ will produce utterance that are effortful, with hesitant speech that may be poorly articulated.

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non fluent aphasia

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this is typical of nonfluent aphasics and is speech that consists of mainly content words

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telegraphic speech

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the normal melodic variation in pitch, loudness and stress is affected with this disorder

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non fluent aphasia

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damage to the _______ region wil result in aphasia

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perisylvian

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the perisylvian region surrounds the ____ fissure

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sylvian

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right sided weakness / paralysis is called

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hemiparesis

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damage to the anterior region of brain produces_____ aphasia

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nonfluent

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damage to posterior region of brain produces _____ aphasia and no hemiparesis

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fluent

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is aphasia fluent or not, is auditory comprehension good or not, can the person repeat sentences

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boston classification system

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_______ requires the extraction of meaning from spoken words and the processing of grammatical structures in connected utterances.

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auditory comprehension

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some ppl may have trouble understanding single words or simple commands, other may have trouble understanding utterances in relation to each other

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auditory comprehension

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damage to the ______ area of the brain doesnt interfere with hearing but does affect auditory comprehension

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wernicke's area

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the ability to _________ is a good test of the integrity of the entire left perisylvian region

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repeat sentences.

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_______ is a good tool because it requires auditory processing (posterior brain) and verbal formulation (anterior brain)

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repetition

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______ a collection offibers that connect the posterior and anterior regions of the perisylvian regions. (connects brocas and wernicke's)

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arcuate fasiculus

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damage to the _________ cause the Broca's and Wernicke's area to not be able to communicate.

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arcuate fasiculus

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____ aphasia is nonfluent and characterized by slow, hesitant, telegraphic speech. AKA motor or expressive aphasia

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Broca's

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_____ aphasia is fluent but difficult to understand due to numerous paraphasias and leck of content words

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Wernicke's

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strings of neologisms produced that may sound like a forgein lang. is called

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jargon aphasia

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invlountary repetition of a word, phrase, sentence or idea

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perservation

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____ aphasia is fluent, with many paraphasias and impaired repetition. However, these patients have fairly good auditory comp.

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conduction

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ppl with ____ aphasia will self-correct errors and are normally successful after a few atempts

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conduction

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poor repetition of spoken utterances is the hallmark of ___ aphasia

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conduction

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_____ aphasia is characterized by poor word retreival in conversation and in naming tasks but maintains good fluency, auditory comp. and repetitive abilities

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anomic

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____ aka cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the most common cause of aphasia

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stroke

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stroke affecting the left _____ is the most common cause of aphasia

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middle cerebral artery

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______ aphasia is a relatively rare syndrome in which aphasia develops with no known cause

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primary progressive

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immediately following a stroke, the most important thing a SLP can do is

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facilitate comm. with the patient and begin compensatory training

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the overall goal of an assesment is to document the current status of the patient and to provide direction for the

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treatment plan

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the SLP must choose to either select an existing treatment plan or design an individualized plan for ______ therapy

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individual

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_______ for ppl w/ aphasia provides a setting where conversation is facilitated and supported by the clinician and patients can learn to maximize their communication skills

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group therapy

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in a small group, a SLP will facilitate sucessful comm., encourage comm using all modalities, and teach specific comm. strategies

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group therapy

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an aquired impairment of reading

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alexia

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an acquired impairment of writing

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agraphia

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an aphasic patient can write but not read

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pure alexia

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__________ damage causes impairments in thought organization, mental flexibility, and particular lang. comprehension

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right hemisphere

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ppl with ______ damage can fail to understand the "gist" of conversation or get humor/ sarcasm or figures of speech

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right hemisphere

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a patient will tend to gaze towards the right, and have low sensory awareness of the left side ofthe body/ visual field

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left neglect

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an acquired , progressive impairment of intellectual functioning that affects memory, cognition, language, and visual-spatial info

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dementia

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the most common type of dementia accounting for 1/2 the cases

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alzheimers

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patients have difficulty with judgment, calculation, reasoning and higher levelthinking

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alzheimers

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multiple strokes (multi-infarct/ vascular) that produce diffuse brain damage can cause ____

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dementia

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____ disease is characterized by brain abnormalities in the frontal lobes and typically results in marked changes in personality

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Picks