Intro To Resp. Care

Front 1

Boyle's Law

Back 1

P x V = K

Constant Temp.

Helps explain the pressure volume relationships involved in breathing. *The changes in pressure inside the lungs during inspiration & exp.

Front 2

Charles' Law

Back 2

V/T =K

Mass and Pressure are constant

Helps explain the temp-vol relationship that complicate pulm. function testing. *difference in room temp and body temp

Front 3

Gay Lussac's Law

Back 3

P/T =K

Vol. and Mass are constant

Helps explain the temp-pressure relationships that complicate arterial blood gas analysis. *Reason why blood has to be tested within 15 mins of draw or put on ice until it can be tested in order to get accurate ABG results

Front 4

Fick's Law

Back 4

Helps explain the factors involved in diffusion within the lung

Front 5

Gas Flow

Back 5

Active process that requires the patient or ventilator to expend energy

The bulk movement of a vol of gas from one place to another in relation to time

Gas flow follows the path of least resistance

Gas flow is directly related to the size of the pressure gradient and to the size of the orifice that it travels thru

Front 6

Gas Diffusion

Back 6

Diffusion of gas within gas

Diffusion of gas with liquid

Diffusion is a passive process

Diffusion does not require the patient to expend energy

Front 7

WOB
(Patient or Vent.)

Back 7

Caused by increased flow demand in response to increased drive to breath

or

Increased airway resistance
-bronchospasms (bronchodialator)
-Excessive secretions
(Pt cough or clear airway)
-Edema
(administer steroids)

Front 8

Hypoventilation

Back 8

Defined as any MV that causes a PaCO2 higher the 40mm Hg

May result from inability to perform the "flow resistive" WOB needed to bring fresh gas to alv.

Front 9

Tachypnea

Back 9

Fast Breathing

Front 10

Hyperinflation

Back 10

Larger than normal lunger

*seen by xray

Front 11

Flow equation

Back 11

Volume/Time

Front 12

Vent. Failure

Back 12

PaCO2 greater than 50mm Hg

Front 13

With increase flow resistance patients can do work of breathing but will cause...

Back 13

Increased WOB

Increased Oxygen consumption

Increased CO2 production

May lead to vent failure

Front 14

When patient can no longer perfrom WOB it will cause....

Back 14

Decreased vent.

Increased PaCO2

Decreased pH

Front 15

Diffusion Def.

Back 15

The mixing of molecules that results from random movement of molecules producing a homogenous (same) mixture

Diffuse from high concentration to low concentration

Random movements makes sure gas distributes evenly

Permeable membrance in neccessary

Front 16

Diffusion relationships

Back 16

Directly realted:
-concentration gradient
-cross sectional area available
-temp

inversly related:
-distance for diffusion
-molecular weight

Front 17

Cross sectional area

Back 17

effects the amount of time it take for lungs to respond to O2

Smaller lungs = faster effects

Larger lungs = slower effects

Front 18

Qs/Qt%

Back 18

determines the amount of shunt in a pt

Front 19

Oxygen Index

Back 19

Determines how much PaO2 actually gets to the lungs

Front 20

Reynolds number

Back 20

Calcualtion to determine laminar vs turbulent

Front 21

Turbulent Flow

Back 21

Nr>2000

Caused by increase velocity (aerosol rx)

causes increased WOB

Front 22

Laminar Flow

Back 22

Nr<2000

Caused by lower density (HeliOx Rx)

Front 23

Bernoulli Principle

Back 23

Principle describing the behavior of gas flow as it encounters a restriction (jet)

Front 24

Forward pressure and Lateral Pressure

Back 24

The total pressure (forward and lateral) exerted in a free flowing system is equal at all points

The relationship between forward and lateral pressure are inversely related when they encounter a restriction (jet). Forward pressure increases and lateral pressure decreases

Front 25

Jet

Back 25

the restriction or narrowing of the tubing diameter thru which the main source gas or driving gas is flowing

Front 26

Entrainment Port

Back 26

the opening immediately distal to the jet thru which the entrained gas is sucked into the main flow of gas

Front 27

What is the relationship between entrained fluid and jet size when flow rate and entrainment port size are fixed?

Back 27

Entrained fluid and jet size are inversely related when flow rate and entrainment port size are fixed

Front 28

What is the relationship between entrainment fluid and entrainment port size when flow rate and jet size are fixed?

Back 28

Fluid entrainment is directly related to the size of the entrainment port

Front 29

When entrainment port size is constant, how is entrainment related to jet size?

Back 29

Inverse relationship

Front 30

When jet size is constant, how is entrainment related to entrainment size?

Back 30

Direct relationship

Front 31

When entrainment port size is constant, what is the relationship between FIO2 and jet size?

Back 31

Direct relationship

Front 32

FDO2

Back 32

Oxygen Delivered

Front 33

Things that cause back pressure

Back 33

1. Water in wide bore tubing

2. PEEP Therapy

3. Covering the entrainment port

*Will all increase FIO2

Front 34

When should u use a jet mixing device with a PEEP valve?

Back 34

Never

Front 35

Gas Velocity

Back 35

Distance a gas travels in relation to time and direction...vector

Must include a direction (north, south...)

Front 36

Fluidic Logic

Back 36

Way of controlling flow within Ventilator w/o moving parts (on/off switch)

Front 37

Coanda Effect

Back 37

Principle that a free flowing gas creates a subatm. pressure at its periphery (similar to Bernoulli effect)

*Process of the gas going toward one channel instead of the other

Front 38

Subatmospheric Pressure

Back 38

Gas will be sucked toward the lower pressure

Front 39

Amplification

Back 39

A small secondary source of gas can be used to redirect gas flow