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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Maslow's Hierarchy of needs |
Physiological Safety Belongingness & Love Esteem Need to Know & Understand Aesthetics Self-Actualization |
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Josie King |
18 month old, that died due to medical mistakes, miscommunication specifically, at John Hopkins. Josie King Patient Safety Program was founded because of tthis incident. |
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Human Diversity |
Address a variety of human societies & cultures, & examine the differences & similarities. Ex. Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Disability, Lifestyle, & Economic Status |
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Cultural Competency |
Set of attitudes, behaviors, & policies to enable effective communication interactions |
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Cultural Competency: 5 Key Cencepts |
Intitutionalizing cultural knowledge Adapt to reflect understanding Value Diversity Possess capacity for cultural self-assessment Consciousness of cross-cultural dynamics |
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Methods of Effective Communication |
Verbal Touch Appearance Visual Pantomime |
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Communication: Verbal |
Methods: Vocabulary, Clarity of voice, Organization of sentences, Patronize or demean, special population Humor: Relax, Open line of communication, culturally aware, Avoid slurs or cultural references Paralaguage: Non-verbal, Pitch, Stress, Tone, Pauses, Rate of Speech, Volume, Accent |
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Communication: Touch |
Emphasis Emotional Support Palpitation |
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Why does appearance matter? |
Helps patient feel comfortable & confident in technologist |
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Communication: Visual/Pantomime |
Speak face to face Gesture |
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Infection Control |
Prevent spread of infections |
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Medical Asepsis |
Freedom from infection Reduces # of pathogens PDI wipes Wash hands 20-30 seconds Use Purel or ETOH-based hand sanitizer |
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Surgical Asepsis |
Complete freefom from infection Zero pathogens Wash hands for 8 minutes |
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Decontamination Methods |
1) Chemical- disinfectants, antiseptic, Bacteriaocidal 2) Physical- Autoclave, Dry Heat, Pasteurization, Freezing, UV Light, Boiling 3) Barrier- Gloves, Gowns, Goggles, Booties 4) Hand washing- 20-30 seconds up to mid forearm, ETOH-based hand sanitizer, 8 minutes for "scrubbing in" |
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The Microbial World |
Bacteria Viruses Fungi |
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Chain of Infection: Germ Theory |
Host Infectious organism Mode of transmission Reservoir |
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Nosocomial |
Disease originating in a hospital |
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Iatrogenic |
Relating to an illness caused by a medical examination or treatment |
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HAIs ( Healthcare Associated Infections) |
Nosocomial Iatrogenic Compromised Patients Sources: Medical Personnel, Patient Flora, Contaminated Environment, Bloodborne Pathogens, & Invasive Procedures |
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Bloodborne Pathogens |
HBV/HCV- Hepatitis HIV/AIDS |
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What to do if contaminated? |
1) Flush it 2) Medical Help 3) Incident Report |
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Professional Ethics |
Making decisions based on moral principals: -Justice -Benefience vs Non-malification -Honest & Loyalty |
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Medical Ethics |
Respect Modesty Confidentiality Professional Appearance Current Medical Trends |
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TORT |
Violation of civil law Intentional misconduct: -Civil Assault -Civil Battery Invasion of Privacy False Imprisonment |
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Negligence (must prove all 4) |
Establish duty of care Breach of Duty Injury occured Injury due to defendant |
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Radiation Biology |
Field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things, especially health effects of radiation. |
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Electromagnetic Spectrum |
Gamma Rays X-rays UV Lights Visual Spectrum IR Radio |
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Sources of Ionizing Radiation |
Natural: -cosmic -food/water -radon -ground Manmade: -medical/dental -nuclear energy -video monitors/smoke detectors -tanning beds -microwave ovens -nuclear fallout |
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Possible Interactions of X-rays w/ matter |
Classical/Thomson Photoelectric Compton Pair Production Photodisintegration |
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Interaction of X-rays with matter: Classical/Thomson |
Low energy x-rays Excite & annoy patient's atoms Filtered out by Al++ on X-ray tube No energy transferred to patient |
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Interaction of X-rays with matter: Photoelectric |
Inner shell electron is hit and ejected from orbit Outer shell electrons drop down to fill hole Greatest HAZARD to patient |
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Interaction of X-rays with matter: Compton |
Outer shell electrons is hit and ejected & sent in another direction Reaches IR (clouding image) Reaches radiographer |
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Interaction of X-rays with matter: Pair Production/Photodisintegration |
Does not occur in diagnostic imaging energies |
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Radiation Untis of measure |
Gray/rad Sievert/rem Becquerel/curie |
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Radiation Untis of measure: Gray/rad |
Radiation absorbed Energy absorbed by any medium |
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Radiation Untis of measure: Sievert/rem |
Expresses the biological response to the quantity of different types of energy of radiation |
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Radiation Untis of measure: Becqerel/curie |
Measures the rate of radioactive decay Used to calculate half-lives |
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NCRP effective dose limits |
Public annual dose: 0.5 rem Fetus monthly: 0.05 rem Occupational exposure: -annual: 5 rem -cumulative: 1 rem x age |
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Direct Hit Theory |
Any radiation transfers its energy to the molecule it has struck, resulting in changes |
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What possible outcomes can happen to a cell? |
DNA/Direct -kills cell -break phosphate bonds -looses/rearranges genetic information Organelles & Cytoplasm/Indirect -Ionizes water -injures or kills cells -results in chemical changes |
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Cellular sensitivity |
Bergonie/Tribondeau -cells are most sensitive during division -cells are most sensitive if primitive --stem cells --non-differentiated cells Ancel and Vietemberger -all cells are equally sensitive -all cells are most sensitive during active division -rapidly diving cells demonstrate injury sooner & appear to be be more sensitive |
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ALARA |
As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
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Time |
Reduce the amount of time patient is exposed |
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Distance |
Maximize distance between human and xray tube |
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Shielding |
Use whenever shield won't interfere with anatomy |
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Radiation Effects: Stochastic |
Skin Erythema dose Local Tissue damage Lifespan shortening Leukemia/cancer Pregnancy effects |
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Radiation Effects: Deterministic |
Effects that will happen at certain doses of radiation Occurs at high doses only Skin: Ulceration, Erythema Gonads: Female- Menstruation, Infertility, Sterility Male- Testicular atrophy, Infertility |
