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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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WHICH PHILOSOPHER BELIEVED IN INNATE IDEAS?
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PLATO
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Plato believed in innate ideas and suggested that the brain is the east of mental processes
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WHICH PHILOSOPHER DENIED THE EXISTENCE OF INNATE IDEAS
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ARISTOTLE
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Aristotle denied the existence of innate ideas an suggested that the heart is the seat of mental process
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WHICH PHILOSOPHER PROPOSED THE MIND-BODY INTERACTION AND DOCTRINE OF INNATE IDEAS
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RENE DESCARTES
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Descartes was a french philosopher and mathematics who also famously quoted "I think, therefore I am"
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WHICH PHILOSOPHER INSISTED THAT THE MIND IS A "BLANK SLATE"
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JOHN LOCKE
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A British philosopherr who rekected descates notion of innate ideas and insisted that the mind at birth is "tabula rasa" (a blank slate). He also stressed empiricism over specutation
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OF THE FOLLOWING 4 PHILOSOPHERS WHICH 2 BELIEVED THE THE MIND HELD INNATE IDEAS: PLATO, ARISTOTLE, DESCARTES, LOCKE
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PLATO & DESCARTES
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WHICH AUSTRIAN PHYSICIAN PERFORMED THE FIRST SUPPOSED CURE USING HYPNOSIS
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FRANZ MESMER
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He called it "animal magnetism" it was later known as Mesmerism and hypnosis
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WHAT IS PHRENOLOGY?
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THE BELIEF THAT THE SHAPE OF A PERSON'S SKULL REVEALS MENTAL FACULTIES AND CHARACTER TRAITS
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Phrenology was first described by Franz Joseph Gall (1808), a German physician.
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WHAT IS WEBER'S LAW?
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THE CONCEPT THAT A JUST-NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE IN A STIMULUS IS PROPORTIONALTO THE MAGNUTUDE OF THE ORIGINAL STIMULUS
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Ernest Heinrich Weber (1834) proposed that the Just Noticeable Difference (also known as the difference threshold), which is the minimum difference in stimulation that a person can detect 50 percent of the time. He noted that for people to really perceive a difference, the stimuli must differ by a constant "proportion" not a constant "amount"
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WHAT WHERE AND ON WHAT SIDE OF THE BRAIN WERE PHINEAS GAGE'S INJURIES THAT LEAD TO CHANGES OF BEHAVIOUR AND PERSONALITY?
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LEFT FRONTAL LOBE
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Phineas P. Gage (1848) was an American railroad construction foreman now remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior,
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WHICH AREA OF THE BRAIN IS CRITICAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE
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BROCA'S AREA - LEFT FRONtAL LOBE
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Paul Broca (1861) a french physician, discovers an area in the left frontal lobe of the brain critical for the production of spoken langauge
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WHAT IS EUGENICS
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THE FIELD OF HEREDITARY IMPROVEMENT
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Coined by Francis Galton (1869) where by he claimed that intelligence is inherited, the concept of selective breeding in humans to achieve improved genetic qualities, that will strengthen and improve the gene pool. He also coined the phrase nature verses nurture
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WHAT AREA OF THE BRAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ABILITY TO COMPREHEND SPOKEN OR WRITTEN LANGAGE
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WERNICKE'S AREA - LEFT TEMPORAL LOBE
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Carl Wernicke (1874) a German neurologist and psychiatrist, shows that damage to a specific area in the left temporal lobe disrupts the ability to comprehend langauge
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WHO FIRST PROPOSED THEORETICAL WORK ON PSYCHOANALYSIS
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SIGMUND FREUD (1900)
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WHO FIRST PUBLISHED STUDIES ON CONDITONING
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IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV (1905)
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Classical conditioning is a reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.First described by Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist, and studied in infants by John B. Watson
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WHO WERE THE OF THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL INTELLIGENCE TEST? AND WHAT WAS IT CALLED
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ALFRED BINET & THEODORE SIMON (1905) IT WAS CALLED THE BINET-SIMON INTELLIGENCE TEST
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it was produced to assess the abilities and academic progress of Parisian school children
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WHO OUTLINED THE TENETS OF BEHAVIOURISM
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JOHN B. WATSON (1913)
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Also studied classical conditioning in infants
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WHAT DID ROBERT YERKES RESEARCH & DEVELOP?
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GROUP INTELLIGENCE TEST (ALPHA & BETA) FOR EVALUATING US MILITARY PERSONEL
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WHAT FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY DID JEAN PIAGET RESEARCH
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DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
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WHAT DID THE "LITTLE ALBERT" EXPERIMENT SHOW?
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IT REPORTED THE CONDITIONING OF A FEAR REACTION IN A CHILD CALLED ALBERT
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The little Albert experiment was undertaken by John B Watson and Rosalie Rayner in 1920
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WHAT WAS ANNA FREUD KNOWN FOR?
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1) PSYCHOANALYSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHILDREN
2) WORK IN THE FIELD OF EGO PSYCHOLOGY |
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WHAT WAS WOLFGANG KOHLER KNOWN FOR?
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OUTLINING THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE GESTALT POSITION AND APPRAOCH
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IN 1929 HE CRITICISED BEHAVIOURISM AND PUT FORTH THE GESTALT POSITION
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WHAT WAS WALTER B CANNON (1932) KNOWN FOR?
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1)COINED THE TERM HOMEOSTASIS
2) DISCUSSION OF THE FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT RESPONSE 3) IDENTIFIED HORMONAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS 4)THE CANNON-BARD THEORY |
With Philip Bard developed the Cannon-Bard theory, which proposed that emotional and physiological responses to external situations arise at once and that both prepare the body to deal with the situation.
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WHAT IS THE TAT TEST? WHO DEVELOPED IT? AND IN WHAT TYPE OF TREATMENT IS IT USED?
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THE THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST WHICH ELICITS FANTASIES FROM PEOPLE UNDERGOING PSYCHOANALYSIS. CREATED BY CHRISTINA MORGAN AND HENRY MURRAY (1935)
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WHAT THEORY WAS B.F. SKINNER (1938) FAMOUS FOR?
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OPERATE CONDITIONING IN LEARNING THEORIES
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WHAT WAS DAVID WECHSLER (1939) FAMOUS FOR?
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THE WECHSLER-BELLEVUE INTELLIGENCE TEST, WHCIH WAS THE FORE RUNNER FOR THE WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN (WISC) AND THE WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE (WAIS)
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WHAT IS THE MMPI?
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THE MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY
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published by psychilogiest Stark Hathaway and physician J. Charnley McKinley (1943)
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WHAT WAS KAREN HORNEY (1945) KNOWN FOR?
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1) FEMININE PSYCHOLOGY - SHE DISAGREED WITH FREUD WITH RESPECT TO HIS THEORIES WOMEN
2) THEORY OF NEUROTIC NEEDS 3) NEO-FREUDIAN PSYCHOLOGY |
Karen Horney made significant contributions to humanism, self-psychology, psychoanalysis, and feminine psychology.
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WHAT DID DONALD O. HEBB (1949)STUDY
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NEUROSCIENCE WHICH EXPLAINS THE ADAPTATION OF NEURONS DURING LEARNING.
NEURONS THAT FIRE TOGETHER, WIRE TOGETHER |
Hebbian theory: It describes a basic mechanism for synaptic plasticity wherein an increase in synaptic efficacy arises from the presynaptic cell's repeated and persistent stimulation of the postsynaptic cell.
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WHAT WAS SOLOMON ASCH (1950) KNOWN FOR?
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A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIST THAT STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF CONFORMITY ON JUDGEMENT OF LINE LENGTH
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WHAT WAS ERIK ERIKSON (1950) KNOWN FOR?
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DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
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An ego psychologist. Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development of personality. Like Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Unlike Freud’s theory Erikson’s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan.
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WHAT WAS CARL ROGERS KNOWN FOR?
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A HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGIST HE DEVELOPED THE CLIENT-CENTERED THERAPY
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WHAT IS THE DSM?
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THE DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS
FIRST IN 1952 |
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WHAT IS ABRAHAM MASLOW (1954) KNOWN FOR?
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A HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGIST. HE DEVELOPED THE THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION. KNOWN AS MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
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WHAT IS GORDON ALLPORT (1954) KNOWN FOR
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1) PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
2) THE TRAIT THEORY OF PERSONALITY |
An eclectic psychologist. three different trait categories:
Cardinal traits: A trait that dominates an individual's entire personality. Cardinal traits are thought to be quite rare. Central traits: Common traits that make up our personalities. Traits such as kindness, honesty, and friendliness Secondary traits: These are traits that are only present under certain conditions and circumstances. An example of a secondary trait would be getting nervous before delivering a speech to a large group of people. |
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WHAT WAS GEORGE MILLER KNOWN FOR?
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1)FOUNDER OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
2) HE COINED THE TERM "CHUNK" FOR MEMORY RESEARCH |
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WHAT IS "THE VISUAL CLIFF"?
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A VISUAL CLIFF IS A TABLE THAT HAS AN APPARENT BUT NOT ACTUAL DROP. ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED TO DETERMINE DEPTH PERCEPTION IN INFANTS
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Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk report their research on infants depth perception
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WHO PROPOSED THE TWO FACTOR THEORY OF EMOTION?
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SCHACHTER & SINGER 1963
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Like the James-Lange theory of emotion, Schachter and Singer felt that physical arousal plays a primary in emotions. But they suggested that this arousal was the same for a wide variety of emotions, so physical arousal alone could not be responsible for emotional responses. The process begins with the stimulus (the strange man), which is followed by the physical arousal (rapid heartbeat and trembling). Added to this is the cognitive label (associating the physical reactions to fear), which is immediately followed by the conscious experience of the emotion (fear).
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WHAT WAS RAYMOND B. CATTELL (1963) KNOWN FOR?
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DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN CRYSTALISED AND FLUID INTELLIGENCE
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Fluid intelligence involves being able to think and reason abstractly and solve problems. This ability is considered independent of learning, experience, and education. Examples of the use of fluid intelligence include solving puzzles and coming up with problem-solving strategies.
Crystallized intelligence involves knowledge that comes from prior learning and past experiences. Situations that require crystallized intelligence include reading comprehension and vocabulary exams. |
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WHAT WAS STANLEY MILGRAM (1963) KNOWN FOR?
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OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY STUDIES USING ELECTRIC SHOCK SIMULATIONS
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WHAT WERE RONALD MELZACK AND PATRICK WALL (1965) KNOWN FOR?
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THEY PROPOSED THE GATE CONTROL THEORY OF PAIN
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ate control theory suggests that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that either blocks pain signals or allows them to continue on to the brain. Unlike an actual gate, which opens and closes to allow things to pass through, the "gate" in the spinal cord operates by differentiating between the types of fibers carrying pain signals. Pain signals traveling via small nerve fibers are allowed to pass through, while signals sent by large nerve fibers are blocked. Gate control theory is often used to explain phantom or chronic pain.
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WHAT WAS ROBERT ZAJONC (1965) KNOWN FOR?
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SOCIAL FACILITATION STUDIES
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WHAT WAS ALBERT BANDURA KNOWN FOR?
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THE SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
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WHAT IS ELIZABETH LOFTUS (1979) KNOWN FOR
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STUDIES ON FALSE MEMORY. THE EFFECT OF WORDING ON MEMEORY
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