Intro To Psych Exam 1 (Chpt 2)

Front 1

Cerebral cortex

Back 1

outer, most recent layer
Perception, action, cognition (awareness and reasoning)

Front 2

frontal lobes

Back 2

part of cortex
intentional actions and executive functions
speaking, muscle movements, making plans and judgements, organizing thoughts

Front 3

parietal lobes

Back 3

part of cortex
receives sensory input: touch, taste, body positioning, attention

Front 4

temporal lobes

Back 4

part of cortex
receives auditory input
also language, memory, object recognition

Front 5

occipital lobes

Back 5

part of cortex
visual input

Front 6

left side of cortex

Back 6

speech and language production

Front 7

right side of cortex

Back 7

spatial and emotional reasoning
facial recognition

Front 8

brainstem

Back 8

oldest region
breathing, sleep, cardiac function (medulla)
cross wiring point where most nerves connect with opposite body sides

Front 9

thalamus

Back 9

sensory switchboard-- seeing, hearing, tasting, touching (not smell)

Front 10

reticular formation

Back 10

controls arousal
filters incoming stimuli and relays to other brain areas

Front 11

cerebellum

Back 11

nonverbal learning, memory, time, balance, voluntary movements
affected most by alcohol

Front 12

limbic system

Back 12

hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus
located between brain stem and cerebral hemispheres (btween oldest and youngest)
emotions/basic drives

Front 13

hippocampus

Back 13

processes conscious memories of meaningful experiences

Front 14

amygdala

Back 14

activated by external danger signals
linked to aggression and fear

Front 15

hypothalamus

Back 15

regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, sex

Front 16

dendrite

Back 16

neuron's branching extensions that receives messages and conducts electrical impulses towards cell body
INPUT

Front 17

axon

Back 17

neuron's cell body that passes messages through its branches to other neurons/muscles/glands
OUTPUT

Front 18

action potential

Back 18

neurons firing of electrical impulses down the axon, to the axon terminals which are connected to many dendrites, and to the next neuron

when a neuron fires, it has a domino effect. all of the following neurons depolarize which causes them to interact quickly.

could be excited or inhibited

Front 19

synapse

Back 19

junction b.w axon tip of the presynaptic sending neuron and dendrite/cell body of the postsynaptic receiving neuron

Front 20

neurotransmitter

Back 20

chemical messengers that cross the synaptic clefts between neurons
when released by a sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron

Front 21

dopamine

Back 21

movement, learning, attention, emotion

oversupply= schizophrenia
undersupply= tremors, decreased mobility in parkinson's

Front 22

serotonin

Back 22

mood, hunger, sleep, arousal
undersupply = depression

Front 23

norepinephrine

Back 23

alertness and arousal (flight or fight)
undersupply = depress

Front 24

acetylcholine (ACh)

Back 24

physical, muscle action and memory
with alzheimer's, ACh producing neurons deteriorate

Front 25

GABA

Back 25

inhibitory neurotransmitter
undersupply = seizures, tremors, insomnia

Front 26

Glutamine

Back 26

excitatory neurotransmitter
oversupply = over stimulate brain, migraines, seizires

Front 27

central nervous system

Back 27

body's decision maker
brain and spinal cord

Front 28

peripheral nervous system

Back 28

gathers info and transmits central nervous system's decisions to other body parts

Front 29

sensory neurons

Back 29

part of (peripheral) somatic nervous system
carries messages from tissues inward to the brain for processing

Front 30

motor neurons

Back 30

part of (peripheral) somatic nervous system
instructions from brain outward to body's muscles

Front 31

interneurons

Back 31

communication between sensory and motor neurons

Front 32

automatic nervous system

Back 32

controls glands/muscles of internal organs and works automatically

sympathetic nervous system: arouses and expands energy like when you get alarmed
parasympathetic: conserves energy as it calms you

Front 33

endocrine system

Back 33

set of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to control the body

similar to nervous system bc hormones bind to receptors of a cell and that cell responds

nervous system directs endocrine secretions, which then affect the nervous system