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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interneurons
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connect the sensory, motor, and other neurons
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Motor Neurons
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carry signals from spinal cord to muscles to produce movement
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Sensory Neurons
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Receive info from external world and convey info to brain by spinal cord
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Synapse
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Junction between axon of a neuron and dendrites/cell body of another
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Glial Cells
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Support cells found in the nervous system
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Myelin Sheath
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insulating layer of fatty material
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Axon
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part of neuron that transmits info to other neurons, muscles, or glands
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Dendrites
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Neuron that receives info from other neurons and relays it to the cell body
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Cell Body
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coordinates info-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive
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Neurons
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Cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform info-processing tasks
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Antagonists
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Drugs that block the function of neurotransmitter
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Agonists
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Drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter
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Receptors
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Receive the neurotransmitter and initiate/prevent a new electric signal
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Neurotransmitters
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Chemicals that transmit info across synapse to receiving neuron's dendrites
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Terminal Buttons
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Knoblike structures that branch out from axon
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Refractory Period
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Time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated
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Action Potential
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Electric signal that is conducted along axon to synapse
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Resting Potential
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Difference in electric charge between inside and outside of neuron
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Spinal Reflexes
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Simple pathways in nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contractions
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Parasympathetic Nervous
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Help the body return to normal state
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Sympathetic Nervous
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Prepares the body for action in threatening situation (fight/flight)
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Autonomic Nervous
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Carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs, and glands
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Somatic Nervous System
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Conveys info into and out of the CNS
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Peripheral Nervous
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Connects the central NS to the body's organs and muscles
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Central Nervous System
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Brain & Spinal Cord
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Nervous System
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Interacting network of neurons that conveys electrochemical info throughout the body
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Association Areas
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Neurons that provide sense and meaning to info registered in the cortex
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Frontal Lobe
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Specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement
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Temporal Lobe
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Hearing & Language
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parietal Lobe
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Processing info about touch
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Occipital Lobe
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Visual Info
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Corpus Callosum
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Connects the cerebral cortex and supports communication of info across hemispheres
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Cerebral Cortex
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Divides two hemispheres
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Basal Ganglia
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Directs intentional movements
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Amygdala
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Part of limbic system
Emotional processes and formation of emotional memories |
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Hippocampus
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Creates new memories and integrate them into network of knowledge so that they can be stored in other parts of the cerebral cortex
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Pituitary Gland
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Master gland of hormone-producing system that releases hormones that direct the functions of other glands
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Hypothalamus
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Regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior
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Thalamus
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Relays/filters info from the senses and transmits info to cerebral cortex
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Subcortical structures
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Areas of forebrain under the cerebral cortex near center of brain
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Pons
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Relays info from the cerebellum to rest of brain
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Cerebellum
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controls fine motor skills and balance
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Reticular Formation
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regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal
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Medulla
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extension of spinal cord that coordinates heart rate, circulation and respiration
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Hindbrain
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Coordinates info coming in/out of spinal cord
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Gene
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Unit of hereditary transmission
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Chromosome
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Strands of DNA in double-helix formation
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