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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe wernickes aphasia |
its associated with damage to near occipital lobe and causes lack of comprehension, however fluent speech with syntax and everything however doesnt make alot of sense |
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broca aphasia |
had complete comprehension but unable to make sense form speech associated with motor cortex of mouth so when damaged unable to form speech |
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what side is speech lateralized, how were we able to discover this |
ITS Lateralized to the left side of the brain (more dominantly present there), this was discovered through experiments on split brain patients |
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what is thinking |
its mental activity that processes the stimulus around us, its how are minds are able to fill in gaps to draw conclusions |
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what is thin slicing how does it lead to cognitive economy |
thin slicing is extracting small bits of information and drawing on experiences to draw conclusions (heuristics, schemas), it allows us to keep the information we need to make a decision to a minimum |
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representative heuristic |
the short hand where we assume the characteritics of the group represent the characterisitcs of the individual (leads to stereotypes) and neglects to take into account the base rate fallacy of the actual prevelence of this characteristics in the population |
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availability heuristiv |
we think things we think of more easily as more common, things we have access 2 in our memory are more prevelant in the world |
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confirmation bias |
we seek out information that proves us right and reject information that proves us wrong/contradicts us |
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what does top down processessing do |
its our minds way of filling in the gaps about information in our enviornments by drawing on past experiences, it basically our schemas (stored knowledge on topics that we apply to new situations) |
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what are schemas |
are stored prior knowledge on topics that allows us to process inforation alot faster because instead of interpreting a situation each as something new we can use our prior knowledge to interpret them which is much faster |
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what is framing |
framing influences which schemas become activated and ultimately the decisions we make by causing us to draw different solutions based on the way the question is formed |
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what are the approaches to problem solving |
algorithms (step by step procedures) draw on heuristics (shortcuts) break down large problems into sub problems apply solution from one problem to another problem |
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problems that arise when problem solving |
salience of the problem (the appearance of problem superficially may distract us from the underlying reasoning needed to solve the problem mental sets (once you get in a certain mental set it is difficult to think of alternatives functional fixatednes: we associate commonly used objects with their most common function and find it difficult see other functions with them |
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what are the 2 models of the mind |
1) mind is a machine (mind is a machine with algarithms that fill in gaps of information) 2) embodiment of the mind (accounts for thinking, able to simulate events in are mind and relative regions of the mind will become activated |
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what is language |
language is a system of communication that combines symbols, gestures to create meanings for others to help us accomplish our goals |
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what are the properties of language |
automatic (requires little attention and thought to process info) phenomes, menomes, syntax, extras dialects(vary in pronunciation and syntax) |
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how did language come to be |
evolutionarily speaking language is advantageous language become increasingly complex as social organization became increasingly complex it is arbituary, meaning that random words that have no relation to their meaning are assigned to objects |
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why do children have an easier time picking up language |
because they have a lower level of cognitive complexity meaning that they are able to learn more because they have less analysis going on "less is more"-->less cognitive complexity leads to less complication and better ability to learn language |
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how is language learnt in children |
1) hearing phenomes of their native tongue, leads to recognition 2) babbling, they are trying to imitate the phenomes they here and practise them with their vocal chords 3)learning words, children learn words through exposure, they understand what their parents are saying before they themselves are able to communicate, once they begin talking they start gaining a vocabulary, children learn rapidly but syntax is the hardest for them to grasp so usually not until their in school 4) synatxic development: ability to put words they learn into a sentence starts with 2, 3 ,4 etvc |
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how is sign language similar |
sign language is similar in that children who are deaf also go through a babbling phase, and eventually will form their own sign language to communicate |
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why is being bilingual beneficial |
if done at an early enough age it allows for metalinguistic insight (easier time grasping many languages) better control processes if done at an early enough age its the 2 languages will activate the same region of the brain so requires less effort for both, people who learn second language later in life have a seperate region and require more thought when applying it |
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whats an example of how language can be due to nurture |
genie she was taped to a potty for 13 years and was still unable to grasp language once she was set free (emphasizes role of nurture) not that credible because it could also be due to emotional trauma |
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whats an example that explains the nature aspect of language |
deaf people who dont have parents that know sign language will invent their own language to communicate on their own |
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whens the most critical period for learning language |
ages 1-7, likely due to the less is more hypothesis |
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what are the theories of language acquisition |
pure nature, nurture accounts: we learn through imitation, babies hear language and repeat it, not likely to be true bc language is generic meaning can be combined in many ways in order to form sentences cant be just through repeating social pragmatics account: we learn through social observation of interactions and drawing conclusions, not likely because suggest then children would understand whats going on nativist account: we are born with an inate ability for language that gets shaped based on our surroundings, cant be falsified general cognition account: children apply general skills like seeking patterns in activity to learn language, if it were true why wouldn't they be smarter at everything |
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whats the relationship between words and though |
we think internally in words, however this implies that peo |
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what are the 2 theories of thought and language |
linguisitic determinism: all thoughts are derived from language, language effects the way we think however not necessisarily tru bc there is brain images of people who are thinking doing cognitive processes but not necessisarily language area is activated relativity linguistic: language shapes our thoughts, people rember things better in their native language(shows how thought and language are linked), people who dont have terms for colours still aknowledge that they are different (language is not only thing that shapes thought) |
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how is reading automatic |
stroop test: shows how people cant ignore words even if they try, children learning to read dont experience this difficulty |
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how do people learn to read |
phonetic decomposition: |
