Intro To Psych

Front 1

what is the calcarine sulcus

Back 1

its the fissure that defines the primary visual cortex

Front 2

what is retinotopic organization

Back 2

each spot in the retina has a relative part of the visual cortex associated with it

Front 3

what is transduction

Back 3

conversion of a physical stimulus into an electrical impulse

Front 4

what is the pathway that a stimulus travels

Back 4

retina, optical chiasm, thalamus, v1, v2/association cortex

Front 5

what is sensory adaption

Back 5

its when your body decreases response to a stimulus, fires less to repeated exposure for example when you go into a dark room your eyes adjust

Front 6

what is sensitization

Back 6

when your body becomes more sensitive in response to repeated exposure

Front 7

absolute threshold

Back 7

it when you are able to detect something 50 % of the time due to specific stimuli level of intensity

Front 8

subliminal threshold

Back 8

is below absolute threshold, detect less than 50% of the time, doesnt have an effect on our conciousness

Front 9

subconcious

Back 9

we can detect it however we are not paying attention to it , can influence our decision ie french music when your buying wine will make you buy french wine

Front 10

whats weber's law

Back 10

large intensity of stimulus requires large change in order for change to be detected (change is proportional to the amount of stimulis)

Front 11

difference threshold

Back 11

minimum change needed in order for it to be noticeable

Front 12

just noticeable difference

Back 12

minimum change needed in order to be detectable by 50% of the population

Front 13

psychophysics

Back 13

perceiving sensory info based on physical characteristics

Front 14

signal detection theory

Back 14

describes our uncertainty in stimuli

1)true positive

2)true negative

3) false positive (suggests sensitivity)

4) false negative (suggest specificity)

Front 15

what are the processes involved in parrallel processesing

Back 15

top down (analyzing based on experience and expectations

bottom up (detection of stimulus)

Front 16

whats a perceptual set

Back 16

perceptual set is how our expectations will influence our perception

Front 17

perceptual constancy

Back 17

able to perceive objects even with different shapes, sizes, colours, angles

Front 18

illusion

Back 18

its when our perception varies from reality

Front 19

clustering illusion

Back 19

we detect pattern in things that are actually random

Front 20

gestalt theory

Back 20

we detect world as a whole not as individual pieces

Front 21

law of pragnanz

Back 21

suggests that we build the simplest recongnizable form through the following principles

1) proximity (thinks close to eachother are seen as overall wholes

2)similarity ( thinks that are similar to eachother are seen as wholes)

3)continuity (we detect objects as a whole dispite obstructions)

4)closure (when parts are missing are brain closes the gaps)

5)symmetry: we like symmetrical things and are seen as wholes

6) figure ground: can differentiate central focus from background

Front 22

what are the 2 types of processing streams

Back 22

1) dorsal associated with parietal lobe (involved with spatial awareness)

2) ventral stream associated with temporal lobe (involved in detection of objects "what is it")

Front 23

types of issues with visual system

Back 23

blind sight

anosognosia

prosopagnosia

motion blindness

visual agnosia

Front 24

whats blind sight

Back 24

when the V1 system is blocked so theres no way for stimulus info to get to V2, however suggested that info gets to V2 through alternative pathway because people with blindsight can navigate through an obstical course, other senses may be heightened

Front 25

anosognosia

Back 25

no self awareness, dont realise that you have trouble seeing

Front 26

prosopgnosia

Back 26

cant identify faces, damage to ventral stream

Front 27

visual agnosia

Back 27

unable to recognize objects

Front 28

how is sensation determined

Back 28

sensation is determined by the type of receptor that gets activated not the stimulus ex if you touch receptor in the eye (visual) it will cause colour to appear even though stimulus was touch

Front 29

McGurk effect what is it

Back 29

more than one sensory region in the brain is activated during one stimulus

ex processing spoken language activates both auditory and visual regions of the brain

Front 30

how do you explain the "ba", "da"= "da" phenomena

Back 30

Mcgurk effect

vision processesing ba

auditory is processing da

perception is a combination between athe 2 known as ga

Front 31

what is synesthesia

Back 31

cross modal of sensation wherein people will associate a colour with a taste, proven true because can see in brain imaging that the region in brain for taste actually gets activated when individual sees a specific colour

Front 32

what is meant by selective attention

Back 32

our brain is able to focus on what it deems most important for the situation, allowing us to ignore other irrelevant things

Front 33

Filter theory of attention:

Back 33

we have a mental filter that tells us what topay attention to stimuli and ignore others. Tested this by telling people toignore message from one ear and pay attention to the other. Result is that people tend to still process things they arenot paying attention to at some level. The filter is much more complex thenon/off switch our brains are programmed to be more attuned to things that arerelevant to us personally (ex if your in a crowded room youll hear your name bcyour attuned to relevant things)

Front 34

In attentional blindness:

Back 34

when your focused on something your likely tomiss stimuli in blain sight ( ex "focus on white t shirt players playingbasketball, youll fail to notice the bear passing by"

Front 35

how is our brain able to process things so fast!?

Back 35

because it processes things in parrellel meaning many regions are working at the same time

Front 36

what are simple cells

Back 36

specific neurons that fire to stimulus in specific orientation/location of our visual fields

Front 37

complex cells

Back 37

respond to stimuli only in specific orientation of the

Front 38

top down vs bottom up processing

Back 38

top down draws on past experiences and expectations

bottom up is basic perception of raw stimulus

Front 39

joihou

Back 39

jgj