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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fundamental Attribution Theory |
Dispositional Attribution Situational Attribution |
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Dispositional Attribution |
We can attribute the behavior to the person's stable, eduring traits |
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Situational Attribution |
We can also attribute it to the situation |
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Attitudes and Actions |
Doing leads to believing (Change how you act will change how you feel) |
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Fundamental Attribution Error |
We overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situations |
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Social Influence |
If someone yawns, you tend to yawn |
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Group Pressure |
Confirming to a group |
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Conformity |
Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
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Normative Social Influence |
Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
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Information Social Influence |
Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions |
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Social Facilitation |
The presence of other people boosts performance |
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Social Loafing |
Exerting less effort in a group then you would if you were individually accountable |
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De-individualisation |
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
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Antisocial Relations |
Aggression, Attraction, Altruism |
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Instinct Theroy |
1st conceptualization of what drives people to do what they do. Drawn to do things because they have the instinct (collapsed after a while) |
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Drives and Incentives Theory |
Drives = "pushes" Incentives = "pulls" Pushed to do what you do based on internal pushes and incentive pulls from the environment |
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Drive Reduction Theory |
We are driven to maintain an internal state |
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Optimal Arousal Theory |
Goes hand and hand with Drive Reduction Theory and explains a lot of human behavior |
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Maslow Theory |
Self-actualization Psychological Physical (have to fulfill the needs from the bottom to middle to top) |
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Physical |
Shelter, water, food |
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Psychological |
Social needs (friends, acceptance) |
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Self-Actualization |
Being the best you that you can be |
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Reasons we experience Hunger |
Physiological, Psychological, Internal VS External Cues
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Physiological (Hunger) |
Hunger is partly due to stomach contractions and partly due to body chemistry (glucose) |
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Psychological (Hunger) |
Eat for emotional reasons Taste Preferences Biological - eat carbs when stressed Cultural - eat certain things based on where you are from |
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Internal VS External Cues (Hunger) |
Internal - stomach growling External - environment; time |
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Eating Disorders |
Cultural Issues - ideal shape for women Genes - much more frequent in identical twins |
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Sexual Orientation |
Most guys have their first feelings of being gay around age 10-13 Biological hand at play (born a certain way) |
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Origins of Orientation |
Higher percentage of being gay in certain professions |
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Brain Differences (Gay VS Straight) |
One cell cluster in the hypothalamus is larger in straight men than gay men |
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Affiliation |
People have a strong need to bond together and identify with certain people |
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Extrinsic Motivation |
You are doing something because of an outside influence (money, treat, etc) |
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Intrinsic Motivation |
You are doing something for yourself, something you are passion about or believe in |
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Schachter and Singer's 2 Factor Theory |
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Label |
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Arousal |
Sympathetic ^ Parasympathetic v |
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Performance and Arousal |
Performance is best when arousal is moderate BUT if the task is something easy than higher arousal is better (something difficult than lower arousal is better) |
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Lie Detector |
Heart Rate, Perspiration, Respiration |
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Culture and Emotional Expression |
Meanings for gestures change in different cultures, however facial expressions are universal |
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Effects of Facial Expressions |
Expressions --> Feelings Feelings --> Expressions |
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3 Emotions |
Fear, Anger, Happiness |
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How to handle Anger |
Wait, Distraction, Distance yourself mentally (Expressing anger increases anger) |
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Fear is learned by |
Conditioning, Observation, Biologically Predisposed |
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"Feel Good, Do Good" Phenomenon |
People in a good mood will do good things |
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Emotions are |
Short lived (something positive happens, your mood will go down back to moderate and vise versa) |
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Adaptation-level Phenomenon |
Judge various situations relative to those we have previously experienced |
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Relative Deprivation |
We feel more happy or less happy relative to our comparison |
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Happiness related to Age |
Younger People - more ups and downs Older People - more even field |
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Happiness related to Gender |
Women have more joy than men but also are sad more often |
