Intro To Psych !

Front 1

define: psychology

Back 1

the systematic study of behaviour, the processes that underlie it, and the factors that influence it.

Front 2

what are the PROS of the experimental design?

Back 2

-possible to infer causal explanation of relationship between 2 variables
- control over extraneous factors
- results can be generalised from sample to population

Front 3

what are the CONS of the experimental design?

Back 3

- because of controlled environment, may not be applicable to real life
- sample =\= population
- ethical concerns
- extraneous variables can still interfere

Front 4

examples of subjective quantitative method:

Back 4

questionnaires w rating scales

Front 5

examples of qualitative method?

Back 5

- focus group
- delphi technique

Front 6

define: reliability

Back 6

the consistency of a measure. it's ability to measure the same event in the same way on different occasions.

Front 7

examples of the objective quantitative method?

Back 7

- observation counts
- physiological measures

Front 8

define: sample

Back 8

subsection of research participants selected from the population, meant to be representative of the population.

Front 9

PROS of QUALITATIVE design

Back 9

- allows study of complex problems
- maintains individual data
- focus groups can be used w illiterate
- does not limit participants' responses

Front 10

CONS of QUALITATIVE

Back 10

- can't be replicated

- responses subjective -> can't be verified
- doesn't establish causation
- researcher bias
- doesn't allow generalisation

Front 11

describe the EXPERIMENTAL design

Back 11

- used to TEST A HYPOTHESIS
- involves the MANIPULATION OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE to observe the effect on the DEPENDENT VARIABLE
- requires a CONTROL GROUP + RANDOM ALLOCATION

Front 12

what is QUANTITATIVE data?

Back 12

numerical data

Front 13

what is QUALITATIVE data?

Back 13

responses that use words. descriptive language responses.

Front 14

what are the 4 levels of explanation?

Back 14

BIOLOGICAL
BASIC
PERSONAL
SOCIO-CULTURAL

Front 15

describe the QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONAL design?

Back 15

involves a researcher collecting quantitative data through observation. often used when unethical or impractical to allocate participants to a group (such as children from broken homes), or if groups are pres-extisting (such as gender)

Front 16

define: population

Back 16

the entire group of research interest. this is from which a sample is drawn.

Front 17

describe the QUALITATIVE design?

Back 17

- doesn't really test a hypothesis
- focuses on gaining an in-depth understanding of phenomena

Front 18

list the research designs:

Back 18

- experimental
- quantitative observational
- qualitative

Front 19

name the 5 ethical principles:

Back 19

- voluntary participation
- informed consent
- confidentiality
- right to withdraw
- accurate reporting

Front 20

define: validity

Back 20

whether something measures what is meant to measure

Front 21

PROS of QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONAL design

Back 21

- makes research possible when it would otherwise be unethical or impractical
- if carried out in natural setting, is then applicable to real life
- correlation allows for population generalisation

Front 22

CONS of QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONAL design

Back 22

- sample =/= population
- observations can't be repeated
- doesn't always show causal relationship
- observer bias

Front 23

list the METHODS of assessing psychological responses:

Back 23

- objective quantitative
- subjective quantitative

- qualitative