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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Political Behavioralism |
Political rev. in 1930s, focus on citizen behavior, why people vote for who they do & why they vote at all-NOT studying elites or institutions |
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Chicago School |
Presided by Charles Merriam, part of rev, in 30s, applying the scientific approach to polysci |
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Robert Dahl's 6 Factors |
1. influence from Merriam/Chicago school 2. influx of Euro scholars to Chi school in 30s (jews fleeing Nazis, viewed behavior from psych angle, different from Americans) 3. WWII forced polyscientists to see they were failing 4. Social Science research Council made to fund ps research, created Committee of Pol. Behavior in 40s 5. U of Michigan & survey research (growth of survey methods) 6. More funding from big foundations to study mass behavior (Rockefeller, Carnegie) |
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Columbia, 1930s |
Sociological focus-social groups shape ur political behavior |
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opinion leadership |
Barelson & Laarsfedd-groups vote very similarly (Irish v. Italians in NYC, JFK and Pope influence-ppl scared Catholics would take over if elected) |
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U of Michigan, 1948 |
psychological focus, survey-based research, focus on person's mind and how they decide to vote (campaigning's influence, etc.) |
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Political Socialization |
How someone reacts to society and behaves politically as a result-socialized to think own gov't structure is the best |
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Primacy v. Structuring |
learn early, keep learning long v. learn early, influences what & how you learn later (strong beliefs instilled early impact the way u learn everything else) |
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Process of Socialization |
1. Exposure (constant, reinforced) 2. Communication (on level one can understand-pledge of allegiance, TV, voting) 3. Receptivity (must want to learn it to be receptive- 4th of July, School House Rock) |
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Stages of Socialization |
1. Politicization-first become aware of authority figures other than parents (police, president) 2. Personalization- ut individual importance on authority figures (faces to roles) 3. Idealization- start to idolize authority figures (trust, respect, protection) 4. Institutionalization- sees the larger system |
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John Nash |
Nash equilibrium, game theory, Princeton, A Beautiful Mind |
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Nash equilibrium |
Neither party can get better result than the other, no one gets absolute best result but no one looses in comparison to the others. equal pros > best pro for one party and loss for all others |
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Game Theory |
Dominant: best for self and no one else (Prisoner's Dilemma, Adam Smith) Cooperative: best for everyone involved (Nash equilibrium) (both parties must compromise for equal payoff) |
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Kahneman & Tversky |
psychologists studying cognitive processes in decision making-more than rationality (having full information) bc don't always have full info so can't always act rationally |
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Availability Heuristic |
make decisions from info most salient to you at the time (most recent or most repeated). Ex: voting btwn Clinton & Paul, saw TV special about wisdom equalling age night before, age factor becomes salient to you & influences your vote) |
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Invariance |
Preferences don't change relative to one another, if you prefer A to B, you always will. |
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Loss Aversion (Kahneman & Tversky) |
will gamble on winning but not on losing, state leaders love all avoid loss (keeping troops in Iraq to keep from looking like lost war)--leaders will take risk to regain what's been lost (JFK & Cuba, took nuclear standoff risk to regain control, Russia in Ukraine) ONLY RISK TO RE-GAIN, NOT FOR SOMETHING NEW |
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Status quo bias |
in loss aversion, feel safer choosing known quantities & equations. Deterrence is easier than having to recover a loss |
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Sunk costs |
After investing time & energy into something it's harder to accept loss, can't get the effort wasted back |
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Rational Choice Model (Anthony Downs) |
look at candidates>determine ideology (flaws here bc can be misinterpreted)>ID which candidate is most like own ideology>vote for them. REASON Y CANDIDATES AIM FOR CENTER TO APPEAL TO MOST PPL |
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Normal Vote |
party holds strongest influence on voting behavior, heuristic shortcut bc don't have to know about candidate just their affiliation. |
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Swing voters |
determine outcomes, vote based on short-term forces (economy, personality, etc) |
