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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"wiggles in time"
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vibrations
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"wiggles in space"
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waves
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waves transmit ____ & ____
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energy and information
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to & fro vibratory motion that results in sine curves
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simple harmonic motion
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pendulums: the period does/does not depend on the amount of mass
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does not
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pendulums: the period does/does not depend on the length of the pendulum
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does
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time required for one vibration
measured in seconds |
period
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number of vibrations per unit time
measured in hertz |
frequency
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equation to calculate the frequency and/or period
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P=1/T or T=1/P
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What is the frequency in vibrations per second of a 50 Hz wave?
the period? |
50, 1/50
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distance from the baseline to the crest of a wave
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amplitude
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distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next
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wavelength
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stuff the carries the wave
i.e. water carries water waves, people carry stadium waves |
medium
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speed at which waves pass by a particular point
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wave speed
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wave speed only depends on the ________
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type of medium
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what is the equation for wave speed?
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wave speed = frequency x wavelength
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wave speed of water
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1 m/s
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wave speed of air
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30 m/s
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wave speed of light
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300,000,000 m/s
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shorter sound wavelengths have a lower/higher pitch
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higher
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shorter light wavelengths are ____ and higher wavelengths are ____
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blue, red
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slower than the speed of sound
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subsonic
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faster than the speed of sound
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supersonic
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the mach # is..
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speed of object/speed of sound
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side to side vibration in a direction perpendicular to the waves motion
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transverse waves
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water waves are transverse/longitudinal waves
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transverse
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back and forth vibration in a direction parallel to the waves
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longitudinal waves
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sound waves are transverse/longitudinal waves
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longitudinal
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when waves add together
constructive and destructive |
interference
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wave pattern produced from interfering waves traveling in opposite directions
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standing waves
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the bell wave machine in class demonstrated..
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standing waves
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the change in wavelength due to motion of the source
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Doppler Effect
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waves in front of a moving boat have a shorter/longer wavelength and a lower/higher frequency (pitch)
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shorter, higher
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sound waves have ____ & ____ regions
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compressions, rarefaction
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frequencies < 20 Hz
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infrasonic
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frequencies > 20,000 Hz
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ultrasonic
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human hearing range
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frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hz
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speed of sound in air
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340 m/s, 760 mph
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speed of sound varies with ____, ____, & ____
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humidity, temperature, density
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study of sound properties
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acoustics
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when a sound wave strikes a surface it can be ____, ____, or ____
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reflected, transmitted, absorbed
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re-echoed sound, multiple reflections of sound waves from walls
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reverberation
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bending of a wave
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refraction of sound
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sound travels slower/faster in warm air then in cool air
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faster
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sound waves bend toward/away cooler air
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toward
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the setting up of vibrations in an object by a vibrating force
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forced vibrations
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frequency at which an elastic object naturally tends to vibrate
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natural frequency
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at natural frequency, a minimum/maximum energy is required to produce a forced vibration
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minimum
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natural frequency of a body depends on its ____, ____, & ____
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elasticity, size, shape
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the result of forced vibrations in a body when the applied frequency matches the natural frequency of the body
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resonance
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swinging your legs on a swing and the Tacoma Narrows Bridge accident are examples of..
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resonance
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overlapping compressions of a sound wave will result in constructive/destructive interference and a louder/softer sound
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constructive, louder
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overlapping a compression and rarefaction results in constructive/destructive interference and a louder/softer sound
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destructive, softer
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the periodic variation in loudness of two sounds played together
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beats
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equal to the difference in the frequency of two sounds
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beat frequency
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What is the beat frequency of two waves with frequencies of 440 Hz and 445 Hz?
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5 Hz
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an impression of the sound wave on a higher frequency radio wave
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modulation
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AM stands for ____ ____
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amplitude modulation
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FM stands for ____ ____
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frequency modulation
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What is the difference between noise and music?
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appearance of the waveform
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music has consistent/random waves and noise has consistent/random waves
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consistent, random
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the "highness" or "lowness" of a tone
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pitch
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corresponds to frequency
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pitch
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refers to the amplitude of the pressure variations in the sound wave
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intensity of sound
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physiological sensation directly related to the sound intensity
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loudness
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loudness is measured in..
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bels
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1 bel = __ decibels
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10
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increase the loudness by 10 db and you increase the intensity by __
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10
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increase the loudness by 20 db and you increase the intensity by __
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100
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characteristic of sound the allows us to distinguish between two musical instruments (aka timbre)
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quality
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one of the many frequencies present in a complex tone
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partial tones
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the lowest frequency of vibration
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fundamental frequency
1st harmonic |
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the partial tone that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency
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harmonic
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a mathematical method that will resolve any periodic wave form into a series of simple sine waves
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Fourier analysis
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