Intro To Pharmacy Exam 3

Front 1

As a pharmacist, using the “teach back” technique when counseling on a new medication
1. Requires having the patient summarize/demonstrate what they understand about the medication that you presented to them
2. Requires you to summarize the key pieces of information at the end of the counseling
3. Is only important when counseling patients with low health literacy
4. A & B
5. A & C

Back 1

1. Requires having the patient summarize/demonstrate what they understand about the medication that you presented to them

Front 2

Qualities of patient-centered care include
1. Providers respect patient values
2. Care is coordinated across different providers
3. Patients are involved in the decision making process when planning treatment
4. A & C
5. All of the above

Back 2

5. All of the above

Front 3

In 1900, the leading causes of death in comparison with today were attributed to:
1. More infectious diseases and less chronic diseases
2. More chronic diseases and less infectious diseases
3. Increase in both infectious and chronic diseases

Back 3

1. More infectious diseases and less chronic diseass

Front 4

True/False
Health-related quality of life is now one of the outcomes measured in the drug approval process.

Back 4

True

Front 5

True/False
In implementing the goals of pharmaceutical care, the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE) mandated the doctor of pharmacy, a six-year degree program as the entry level requirement.

Back 5

True

Front 6

SHINE is a community resource available to MAC that was mentioned in the discussion. SHINE, would provide Mac with what type of support?
1. Low cost prescription medications (generic only)
2. Free instruction and help with Medicare Part D
3. Low cost prescription medications (generic only and/or name brands)
4. Free generic prescription medications

Back 6

2. Free instruction and help with Medicare Part D

Front 7

Which aspect of patient-centered care allows the patient to make decisions regarding their treatment plans?
1. Dignity
2. Autonomy
3. Self-Respect
4. Equity

Back 7

2. Autonomy

Front 8

Direct-to-Consumer advertising on television is regulated by:
1. The Food and Drug Administration
2. The Federal Trade Commission
3. a and b
4. None of the above

Back 8

1. The Food and Drug Administration

Front 9

The “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” refers to the:
1. Definition of pharmaceutical care
2. Definition of health by the World Health Organization
3. Definition of health by Healthy People 2010

Back 9

2. Definition of health by the World Health Organization

Front 10

When providers over-treat or over-prescribe because health care costs are covered is an example of _______.
1. adverse selection
2. moral hazard
3. coinsurance
4. co-payment process
5. prior authorization

Back 10

2. moral hazard

Front 11

Group policies are:
1. Usually more prone to adverse election
2. More expensive to sell and administer
3. Less expensive than individual insurance
4. A and B
5. B and C

Back 11

3. Less expensive than individual insurance

Front 12

Payment of health care expenses until a specified amount has been paid out-of-pocket over a period of time.
1. Community rating
2. Coinsurance
3. Deductible
4. Self-funded
5. Copayment

Back 12

3. Deductible

Front 13

True/False
By decreasing patients’ out-of-pocket expenses, health insurance has encouraged patients to consume more health services than they would if they were bearing the full cost of the product and service.

Back 13

True

Front 14

If at price P there is a shift in demand to the right, then what is the impact on quantity demanded?
1. There is a decrease demanded
2. There is no impact on quantity demanded
3. Cannot determine without knowing the new price point
4. There is an increase demanded

Back 14

4. There is an increase demanded

Front 15

What is a characteristic of risk in health insurance (select one)?
1. Generally measurable
2. Generally not quantifiable
3. Likelihood can be determined at the individual level
4. Cannot be attributable to a specific event

Back 15

1. Generally measurable

Front 16

At the price point P quantity supplied is to the right of quantity demanded. This means there is what?
1. Decrease in supply
2. Excess demand
3. Shortage
4. Surplus

Back 16

4. Surplus

Front 17

True/False
Economics is defined as “the study of how individuals and societies allocate their limited resources in attempts to satisfy their unlimited wants.”

Back 17

True

Front 18

Mac was newly diagnosed with what disease state in Case 2?
1. Type II diabetes
2. Hypothyroidism
3. Hypertension
4. Type I diabetes

Back 18

1. Type II diabetes

Front 19

On the Supply-Demand Curves, the equilibrium point refers to:
1. When demand equals supply
2. When supply exceeds demand
3. None of the other answer choices is correct
4. When demand exceeds supply

Back 19

1. When demand equals supply

Front 20

What federal legislation mandated that pharmacy offer counseling to Medicare patients?
1. Health Security Act
2. Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act
3. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
4. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
5. Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act

Back 20

3. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

Front 21

Which of the following is are covered by Medicare Part A?
1. Home health care
2. Skilled nursing facility services
3. Hospice
4. Both A & B
5. All - A, B & C

Back 21

5. All - A, B & C

Front 22

Which type of managed care organization employs everyone who delivers health care to the plan's patients?
1. Group Model HMO
2. PPO
3. EPO
4. Staff Model HMO

Back 22

4. Staff Model HMO

Front 23

True/False
Medicaid coverage varies from state to state.

Back 23

True

Front 24

FDA responsibilities include(s):
1. Drugs
2. Food
3. Cosmetics
4. a and b
5. a, b, and c

Back 24

5. a, b, and c

Front 25

Advantages of three-tier prescription benefits include(s):
1. Generic dispensing rate increases
2. Consumer incentive to choose cost-effective drugs
3. Allows access to an open formulary that allows “choice”
4. a and b
5. a, b and c

Back 25

5. a, b and c

Front 26

When looking at the poorest US citizens, the majority of their health related services is funded by?
1. Medicare Part D
2. Medicaid
3. Medicare
4. Social Security

Back 26

2. Medicaid

Front 27

Based on the World Health Report 2000 of health measures, the country(ies) ranking lower than the United States is:
1. Germany
2. All the countries listed ranked higher than the United States
3. Singapore
4. Canada
5. Japan

Back 27

2. All the countries listed ranked higher than the United States

Front 28

Which Medicare service is largely financed through payroll tax deductions?
1. Part A
2. Part B
3. Part C
4. Part D

Back 28

1. Part A

Front 29

1. Stores like Wal-Mart and Target are classified as mass merchandisers because?
1. Their primary business is not pharmacy
2. They deal directly with wholesalers
3. Their primary business is pharmacy
4. They handle mostly Medicaid and Medicare customers

Back 29

1. Their primary business is not pharmacy

Front 30

2. After graduation you open up your own independent pharmacy – Gator RX Cares. Five years later you are preparing to open your fourth Gator RX Cares. How would you classify your collection of Gator RX Cares stores?
1. Independent Pharmacy
2. Franchise pharmacy
3. Mass merchandiser
4. Pharmacy chain

Back 30

4. Pharmacy chain

Front 31

The vast majority of prescription drug products that are used in the US flow through?
1. Nursing Homes
2. Mail Order
3. Outpatient Settings
4. Hospitals

Back 31

3. Outpatient Settings

Front 32

True/False
The drug consumer’s mindset (beliefs) and the prescriber’s mindset about prescription drug use are usually the same.

Back 32

False

Front 33

The US Government affords the first manufacturer to bring to market a generic version of a medication some market exclusivity. What is the major benefit of this exclusivity?
1. Classification as a blockbuster product
2. 10 month wholesaler classification to reduce distribution expenses
3. Guaranteed sales for 1 year
4. 6 months exclusive rights to be the only distributor on the market

Back 33

4. 6 months exclusive rights to be the only distributor on the market

Front 34

Channels of legal distribution of prescription drugs include(s):
1. Drug wholesaling
2. Direct from the manufacturer
3. Drug diversion
4. a and b
5. a, b, and c

Back 34

4. a and b

Front 35

A medication that is classified as a blockbuster product must have annual sales of?
1. $250 million
2. $100 million
3. $500 million
4. $1 billion

Back 35

4. $1 billion

Front 36

McKesson, Cardinal Health and Amerisource Bergen account for the majority of drug product sales in the United States. These three organizations would be classified as?
1. Manufacturers
2. Primary wholesalers
3. Secondary wholesalers
4. Regional wholesalers

Back 36

2. Primary wholesalers

Front 37

The process of relabeling or redefining a personal or social problem as a medical condition is called:
1. alternative therapy
2. medicalization
3. self-care
4. pharmakon

Back 37

2. medicalization

Front 38

True/False
There are cases where a patient must be injured to obtain a desired therapeutic outcome and so this would not be classified as a drug related morbidity.

Back 38

True

Front 39

On average, what item has the greatest cost for dispensing a prescription drug in a community pharmacy?
1. Overhead such as insurance and rent
2. Pharmacists
3. The drug product
4. Total labor costs
5. Direct pharmacy expenses

Back 39

3. The drug product

Front 40

Which program was designed to provide services that will optimize therapeutic outcomes for targeted beneficiaries?
1. DRM
2. DRA
3. PDRA
4. MTM

Back 40

4. MTM

Front 41

A patient with a UTI that is currently on an antibiotic for treatment is still symptomatic after 3 days of continuous treatment. This can be classified as a?
1. Drug Related Admission
2. Drug Related Morbidity
3. Drug Therapy Problem
4. Preventable Drug Related Morbidity

Back 41

3. Drug Therapy Problem

Front 42

True/False
Drug manufacturers can be classified as either a price maker or a price taker.

Back 42

True

Front 43

According to Dr Hepler the take home message about drug related admissions/drug related morbidity is that according to research what percent are considered preventable?
1. Between 1.5% and 4.3%
2. 25%
3. 50%
4. Between 6.5% and 7.1%

Back 43

3. 50%

Front 44

Any circumstance during therapy that a competent professional would see as inconsistent with the objective of therapy is called?
1. Drug related morbidity
2. Medication therapy management
3. Preventable drug related morbidity
4. Drug therapy problem

Back 44

4. Drug therapy problem

Front 45

A person’s experience of not being well.
a. Illness
b. Disease
c. Sickness

Back 45

a. Illness

Front 46

An inference based on interpretation of subjective and objective data, usually from an ill person.
a. Illness
b. Disease
c. Sickness

Back 46

b. Disease

Front 47

Inability to meet obligations or engage in desired “normal” activities.
a. Illness
b. Disease
c. Sickness

Back 47

c. Sickness

Front 48

Which of these is a highly directed, highly individualized postgraduate program designed to prepare the participant to become an independent researcher?

1.PGY2
2.Fellow
3.Fellowship
4.BCPS
5.PGY1

Back 48

3.Fellowship

Front 49

Which conference is the largest gathering of pharmacy residency programs?
1. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) annual conference
2. American Pharmacist Association (APhA) annual meeting
National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA)
3. American College of Clinical Pharmacist (ACCP) winter symposium
4. American Society of Health Systems Pharmacy (ASHP) midyear meeting

Back 49

4. American Society of Health Systems Pharmacy (ASHP) midyear meeting

Front 50

True/False
PBMs are a behind the scenes entity and they never have any direct contact with patients. They only deal with pharmacies and HMOs directly.

Back 50

False

Front 51

True/False
Literature suggests that one of the best ways to improve patient care and reduce overall health care costs is to implement formularies to help health care providers determine what medications to prescribe.

Back 51

False

Front 52

Gatorbait HMO has recently signed a contract with a new PBM, Medical Haven. The contract states that for all patients, Medical Haven will work to keep medication spending to only a 5% increase in spending over last year. Anything above the 5% increase will be paid for by Medical Haven and not by Gatorbait. This type of contractual relationship is called?
1. Capitation Contract
2. Rebating
3. Fee-for Service
4. Risk Sharing

Back 52

4. Risk Sharing

Front 53

Rebates from drug manufactures are generally based on a PBM’s ability to?
1. Compile patient health outcome reports
2. Achieve market share targets for specific medications
3. Increase recruitment of participating pharmacies
4. reduce mortality and morbidity outcomes

Back 53

2. Achieve market share targets for specific medications

Front 54

True/False
Not only do the majority of employers offer access to mail order pharmacies but there are some that require certain medications to be dispensed by a mail order service.

Back 54

True

Front 55

True/False
The most popular type of contractual relationship between PBMs and HMOs are capitation contracts.

Back 55

False. are fee-for-service.

Front 56

How have PBMs responded to the increasing pharmacy benefit costs:
1. Contract pricing
2. Benefit design
3. Drug selection
4. Utilization management
5. All of the above

Back 56

5. All of the above

Front 57

Dr Segal talked about the players involved in the payment of prescriptions in the US and noted that in fact one new player was missing from his slide in his PBM I lecture. Who is the new player now involved in paying for prescription medications that he had not included in his slide?
1. Veterans Affairs
2. Medicare
3. PhRMA
4. Social Security

Back 57

2. Medicare

Front 58

True/False
Restrictions to access to drugs and of reimbursement tend to be stricter in a closed formulary system.

Back 58

True

Front 59

PBMs make money from all these sources EXCEPT
1. Rebates from manufacturers
2. Fees for prescriptions claims processing
3. Sale of data containing patient prescription use
4. All of the above are sources of revenue for PBMs

Back 59

4. All of the above are sources of revenue for PBMs

Front 60

JCAHO found that for most sentinel events the root cause could be attributed to?
a. communication
b. competency
c. staffing levels
d. procedure compliance

Back 60

a. communication

Front 61

According to Dr. Winterstein, the following are true in regards to drug safety:
1. Before the thalidomide disaster, drug companies did not have to prove drug efficacy
2. Shands was one of the first institutions to implement a drug monitoring program
3. Drug companies always had to prove safety of their medications just not efficacy
4. A and B
5. All of the above

Back 61

4. A and B

Front 62

According to Dr. Winterstein, the following statements are true
A. Drug safety and patient safety are equivalent, it is near impossible to differentiate between the two.
B. Drug safety addresses the drug causing harm. We assume that drugs are safe when they are approved but they have side effects.
C. Patient’s safety has to do with medical error, patients may be exposed to harm because providers make errors such as using the drug in an inappropriate fashion
D. A and B
E. B and C

Back 62

E. B and C

Front 63

True/False
In Florida if a health care professional apologizes for any type of mistake that apology can be used as proof of liability in the committing the error.

Back 63

False

Front 64

True/False
Preclinical toxicity testing of medications introduced in the 1938 Food Drug and Cosmetic Act referred to testing of medication toxicity on animals before testing on humans

Back 64

True

Front 65

The following statements are true:
1. There are 54 drug plans in Florida
2. There are 15 MA-PD plans in Alachua
3. There are 15 MA-PD plans in Florida
4. A and B
5. A and C

Back 65

4. A and B

Front 66

The following statements are true regarding Medicare Part D:
A. It is a government run program that offers a single universal program for all its members: one program fits all
B. It is a government program that contracts with private insurance carriers to offer it’s consumers choice and competition
C. When an eligible member turns 65, they are automatically enrolled in Medicare Part D
D. A and B
E. B and C

Back 66

B. It is a government program that contracts with private insurance carriers to offer it’s consumers choice and competition

Front 67

True/False
Flynn and Barker showed that when looking at Automation in community pharmacies the effects on errors in the pharmacy was always reduced no matter the setting

Back 67

False

Front 68

According to Dr. Lee’s lecture the following statements are true:
A. There are several advantages to being a community pharmacist one being the strong interpersonal relationships that you build with your patients
B. Some pharmacists are skeptical about the impact pharmacists can make upon a patient’s outcome
C. Pharmacists can be replaced by dispensing machines
D. A and B
E. All of the above

Back 68

E. All of the above

Front 69

When a patient with Medicare Part D hits the “Donut Hole” in their coverage, how much will they be paying for medications out of pocket?
A. 90%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

Back 69

D. 100%

Front 70

What is the most frequent type of medication error in a community pharmacy?
1. Wrong label instructions
2. Wrong quantity
3. Wrong dosage
4. Wrong strength
5. Wrong prescription label information

Back 70

1. Wrong label instructions

Front 71

For medication errors that reach the hospital patient, where do the most frequent errors occur in the medication use system?
1. Omission of therapy
2. Dispensing errors
3. Administration errors
4. Prescription errors
5. Errors in transcribing the prescription

Back 71

3. Administration errors

Front 72

Your professional responsibility to help peers who demonstrate unprofessional behavior is an example of ___?

1. Pride in the profession
2. Leadership
3. Professional accountability
4. Service orientation
5. Commitment to self-improvement

Back 72

3. Professional accountability

Front 73

True/False
The textbook for this course "Introduction to Health Care Delivery" is an example of secondary literature.

Back 73

False

Front 74

True/False
When looking at evidence based guidelines, results from an individual cohort study offer a higher level of evidence then an individual case-controlled study.

Back 74

True