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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is periodontium?
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Tissues that surround & anchor tooth in alveolar process
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What tissues are part of the periodontium? (5)
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1. Gingiva
2. Gingival attachment 3. Cementum 4. Periodontal ligament 5. Alveolar bone |
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What are the characteristics of healthy gingiva? (3)
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1. Pink
2. Firm 3. Shows stippling |
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What are the 3 zones of oral mucosa? (3)
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1. Masticatory mucosa
2. Specialized mucosa 3. Oral mucous membrane |
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What is masticatory mucosa?
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Tissue of hard palate & gingiva (covers alveolar process)
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Where is specialized mucosa?
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Covers dorsum of tongue
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What is oral mucous membrane?
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Covers remainder of oral cavity
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Parts of the gingiva? (4)
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1. Marginal gingiva
2. Gingival sulcus 3. Attached gingiva 4. Interdental gingiva |
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What is marginal gingiva?
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Marginal/Free gingiva:
Coronal border of gingiva (1mm) |
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Which part of the gingiva can be separated from the tooth w/ the perio probe?
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Marginal gingiva
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What is the free gingival groove?
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Demarcation between marginal gingiva & attached gingiva (50% of cases)
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What is the gingival sulcus?
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Space between tooth & epithelium of marginal gingiva
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What should the depth of the gingival sulcus be? Ideally & in healthy gums?
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Ideally = 0mm
Healthy = 1-3 mm |
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The upper part of the gingival sulcus has what type of epithelium?
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Keratinized oral gingival epithelium
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The epithelium lining the crevice of the gingival is sulcus is?
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Non-parakeratinized (crevicular) epithelium
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The apical part of the gingival sulcus has what type of epithelium?
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Junctional epithelium
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What is the attached gingiva?
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Gingiva that is attached to the underlying bone
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What types of gingiva are keratinized? (2)
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1. Free gingiva
2. Attached gingiva |
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What happens to attached gingiva w/ age?
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Width increases-- position of mucogingival junction does not change
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What is interdental gingiva?
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Papilla= gingiva forms pyramid/col interdentally
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Shape of papilla depends on?
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Position of interproximal contact area (shape of teeth & distance from bone)
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Blood supply to periodontium? (2)
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Inferior & superior alveolar arteries
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Nerve supply of periodontium?
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Trigeminal nerve
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What type of nerve receptors are in the periodontium? (3)
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1. Nociceptors
2. Mechanoreceptors 3. Proprioreceptors |
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Main function of gingival epithelium?
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Protect underlying structures while allowing selective interchange w/ oral cavity
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What are the 3 areas of gingival epithelium?
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1. Oral epithelium
2. Sulcular epithelium 3. Junctional epithelium |
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Where is oral epithelium found?
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Surface of marginal & attached gingiva
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Which type of epithelium is parakeratinized/keratinized?
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Oral epithelium
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How does oral epithelium lose its keratinization?
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If exposed to root surface
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Where is sulcular epithelium found?
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Gingival sulcus
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What type of epithelium is sulcular epithelium?
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Non-keratinized stratified sqamous
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What makes non-keratinized epithelium different from keratinized?
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Non-keratinized has no strata corneum & granulosum
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How can sulcular epithelium become keratinized?
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If exposed to oral cavity
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What type type of epithelium is junctional epithelium?
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Collar like band of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
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What is the length of junctional epithelium?
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0.24-1.35 mm
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What is functionally significant about sulcular epithelium?
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Semi-permeable membrane
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Does junctional epithelium reappear after instrumentation?
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Yes
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How is junctional epithelium attached to tooth surface?
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Internal basal lamina via Hemidesmosomes
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What type of epithelium is "healing epithelium" due to periodontal destruction & is found around implants?
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Junctional epithelium
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What color does inflamed gingiva have?
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Reddish/bluish-- increased vascularity
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What determines contour & shape of gingiva?
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Shape & position of teeth & shape of underlying bone
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What type of consistency & surface texture does healthy gingiva have?
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Firm & resilient, stippled
Except: moveable free margin |
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What is the periodontal ligament?
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CT around root
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What does PDL have communication with?
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Bone Marrow
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What are the components of the PDL?
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1. Periodontal fibers
2. Ground substance 3. Cellular components |
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Most important group of periodontal fibers?
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Principal fibers
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What are periodontal fibers made of?
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Collagen
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Portion of fibers extending into cementum?
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Sharpey's fibers
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Types of Periodontal fibers? (6)
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1. Transeptal fibers
2. Alveolar crest fibers 3. Horizontal fibers 4. Oblique fibers 5. Apical fibers 6. Interradicular fibers |
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148(a)(1) PC
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Resist, obstruct, delay: officer or EMT in performance of his/her duties
MISDEMEANOR |
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What are alveolar crest fibers?
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From tooth to alveolar crest
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What are horizontal fibers?
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Attach tooth to bone horizontally
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What are oblique fibers?
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Attach tooth to bone diagonally
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What are apical fibers?
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Attach apex of tooth to bone
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205
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AGGRAVATED MAYHEM
(FELONY) under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the physical or psychological well-being of another person, intentionally causes permanent disability or disfigurement of another human being or deprives a human being of a limb, organ, or member of his or her body |
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What makes up ground substance of PDL?
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1. Glycoproteins
2. Glycosaminoglycans 3. Cementicles |
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What types of glycoproteins are found in ground substance of PDL? (2)
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1. Fibronectin
2. Laminin |
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What types of glycosaminoglycans are found in ground substance of PDL? (2)
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1. Hyaluronic acid
2. Proteoglycans |
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What cell types are found in PDL? (4)
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1. CT cells
2. Epithelial rest cells 3. Immune cells 4. Cells associated w/ neurovascular elements |
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What types of CT cells are found in PDL? (3)
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1. Fibroblasts
2. Cementoblasts 3. Osteoblasts |
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What cell type is found in clusters or strands?
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Epithelial rests of Malassez
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Which immune cells are found within PDL? (5)
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1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes 3. Macrophages 4. Mast cells 5. Eosinophils |
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Functions of PDL? (4)
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1. Attach teeth to bone
2. Trasmission of occlusal forces 3. Attachment of gingival tissues 4. Protection of vessels & nerves |
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Components of cementum? (4)
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1. Sharpey's fibers (extrinsic)
2. Intrinsic fibers 3. Acellular cementum 4. Cellular cementum |
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First cementum formed?
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acellular cementum
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When is acellular cementum formed?
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Before tooth reaches occlusal plane
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Main fiber type in acellular cementum?
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Sharpey's fibers
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When does cellular cementum form?
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After tooth reaches occlusal plane
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How do cells in cellular cementum communicate?
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Via canaliculi
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Which type is more calcified?
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Acellular cementum
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Which type of cementum forms lamellae?
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Acellular & cellular cementum
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What happens to cementum w/ age?
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1. Diminishing permeability
2. Increasing thickness |
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Why is permeability thought to diminish w/ age?
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Canaliculi may connect to dentin tubules
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Where is cementum thickest?
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Apical third & furcation areas
(thinnest in coronal half) |
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Relations of cementum & enamel? (3)
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1. Cementum overlaps enamel: 60-65%
2. Edge-to-edge: 30% 3. No connection: 5-10% |
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What leads to exposure of cementum?
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Gingival recessions
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What happens to exposed roots?
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Root caries & bacteria can penetrate into cementum
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What is the alveolar process?
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Part of maxilla/mandible that supports/forms tooth sockets
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External plate of alveolar process composed of?
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Cortical bone
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Internal socket of alveolar process called?
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Alveolar bone proper
Lamina dura (radiographs) |
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Where is trabecular bone found in alveolar process?
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Between external plate & inner socket
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What is the interdental septum?
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Cortical bone surrounding cancellous bone
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When does alveolar process undergo remodeling?
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Consistently but also in response to forces
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