Intro To Parasitology And Parasitic Pathogens+ Virology I

Front 1

describe what a parasite does

Back 1

thrives at the expense of others

Front 2

single celled eukaryotes are called?

Back 2

protozoa

Front 3

multicellular eukaryotes are called?

Back 3

metazoa...
including:
helminths(worms)
arthropods
mollosucs

Front 4

arthropods and molloscks act as ____ and reservoirs for both protozoan and helminth parasites

Back 4

vectors

Front 5

protozoa: describe the function of:
inner and outer endoplasm

Back 5

inner: nutrition
outer: locomotion

Front 6

entameba coli cyst and entameba coli trophozite: do they look the same?

Back 6

no

Front 7

classification of protozoa: is on the basis of?

Back 7

reproduction and locomotion

Front 8

define:
organs of locomotion and reproduction for:
rhizopods

Back 8

locomotion: pseudopods
reproduction: binary fission

Front 9

define:
organs of locomotion and reproduction for:
ciliates

Back 9

locomotion: cilia
reproduction: binary fission

Front 10

define:
organs of locomotion and reproduction for:
flagellates

Back 10

locomotion: flagella
reproduction: binary fission

Front 11

define:
organs of locomotion and reproduction for:
sporozoa

Back 11

locomotion: none
reproduction: schizogony (multiple fission)

Front 12

name 2 rhizopods

Back 12

entamoba histolytica
acabthamoeba spp

Front 13

name a ciliate

Back 13

balantidium coli

Front 14

name 2 flagellates

Back 14

giardia lamblia
trichomonas vaginallis

Front 15

name 2 sporozoa

Back 15

plasmodium spp ( malaria)
toxoplasma gondii

Front 16

who am i:
ventral suckers, multiple flagella, no 1 water parasite that causes GI toxicity

Back 16

giardia lamblia

Front 17

what is a kinetoplastid?

Back 17

refers to an order of flagellate protozoa with special characteristics

Front 18

describe a kinetoplastid?

Back 18

one mitochondria
one/two flagella comin out

Front 19

list 3 kinetoplastids

Back 19

t. cruzi
t. brucei-
leishmania spp ( leischmaniasis)

Front 20

T. CRUZI IS?

Back 20

a kinetoplasmid
-- chagas disease, latino, cardiomyopathy

Front 21

t. brucei is?

Back 21

a kinetoplastid
sleeping sickness, in the brain
african

Front 22

leishmanisis is?

Back 22

affects the visceral, skin

Front 23

protozoan asexual reproduction:
flagellates divide bY?
ciliates divide by?

Back 23

flagellates divide by longitudinal fission
ciliates divide by transverse fission

Front 24

sexual reproduction of protozoan parasite:
exampleL CRYTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM
-->Intestine?
-->thick walled?

Back 24

intestine: both sexual and asexual
thick walled: continues sexual "oocyst"

Front 25

classification of helminths:
based on? 4 factors

Back 25

1. morphology
2. sex
3. alimentary tract
4. no of intermediate hosts

Front 26

roundworm:
define the morphology, sex, alimentary tract, no of intermediate hosts

Back 26

1. morphology: spindle shaped
2. sex: separate
3. alimentary tract: tubular
4. no of intermediate hosts: varies

Front 27

cestode/tapeworm:
define the morphology, sex, alimentary tract, no of intermediate hosts

Back 27

1. morphology: head with segmented body
2. sex: hermaphordite
3. alimentary tract: none
4. no of intermediate hosts: one

Front 28

fluke ( trematode)
define the morphology, sex, alimentary tract, no of intermediate hosts

Back 28

1. morphology: leaf shaped with oral and ventral suckers
2. sex: hermaphordite
3. alimentary tract: blind
4. no of intermediate hosts: two

Front 29

schistosoma group ( fluke):
define the morphology, sex, alimentary tract, no of intermediate hosts

Back 29

1. morphology: head with segmented body
2. sex: SEPARATE
3. alimentary tract: none
4. no of intermediate hosts: one

Front 30

diphyllobothrium(roundworm):
define the morphology, sex, alimentary tract, no of intermediate hosts

Back 30

1. morphology: spindle shaped
2. sex: separate
3. alimentary tract: tubular
4. no of intermediate hosts: two

Front 31

name all the nematodes (roundworms):

Back 31

pin
round
woucherarria spp
loa loa

Front 32

name all the cestodes (tapeworm)

Back 32

pork
tapeworm segments
scolex
e. granulosus

Front 33

name all the trematodes ( flukes)

Back 33

schistosoma
liver fluke

Front 34

vectors:
mosquito ___
tsetse fly____

Back 34

mosquito: malaria
tsetse fly: trypanosomiasis

Front 35

vectors:
riduviid bug:___
phlebotomous sandfly:___

Back 35

riduviid bug: chagas disease
phlebotomous sandfly: leischmaniasis

Front 36

vectors:
crysops fly:__
tick:__

Back 36

crysops: loa loa--> eye worm
tick: babesiosis ( lyme disease)

Front 37

what are myiasis?

Back 37

flies that lay their larvae in wounds
ex: dermtobia hominis ( BOT fly)
warble flies, house flies
--all transport diseases

Front 38

characteristics of a definitive host?

Back 38

1. parasite passes its adult phase (metazoa) or its sexual reproductive phase ( protozoa)
ex: t. vaginalis ( active trophozites transmitted by direct genital contact or sex).
Also: Gardi ( flagellate)

Front 39

characteristics of an intermediate host

Back 39

1. paraste passes through its larval ( metazoa) or asexual
(protozoa) phase of its life
**primary and secondary hosts exist.
Plasmodium ( malaria): transmitted from human to human via mosquito ( intermediate host) . humans are the definite hosts.

Front 40

advantage of definitive host

Back 40

sexual recombination and diversity

Front 41

advantage of intermediate host

Back 41

higher levels of the parasite in the population

Front 42

Taxoplasma remains in a dormant state in the absence of an appropriate host. what form?

Back 42

cyst forms ( kitty litter)
--via carnivorous behavior

Front 43

parasites usually infect chronically or acutely?

Back 43

chronically, since an acute infection can trigger an immune attack ( chronic and long term)

Front 44

what is the form of dissemination of a pig hookworm and nematods?

Back 44

larvae: hook worm ( cyst)
nematodes: eggs

Front 45

taenia solium: who is the intermediate host? definitive host?

Back 45

intermediate: pigs
definitive: humans

Front 46

parasite usually:

Back 46

1. long term residence
2. chronic infection
3. resides in a metabolically inactive form
4. no global response to immune system ( to avoid killing host)
5. parasite load < host load
6. does not affect fitness of the host
7. must ensure trasmission to the new host

Front 47

stages of the parasitic infection:
1. what are they?

Back 47

1.incubation period
2. prepatent period
3. patent period

Front 48

stages of the parasitic infection:
define incubative

Back 48

time that u acquired the infection to the time the symptoms manifested ( hours to years)

Front 49

stages of the parasitic infection:
prepatent?

Back 49

time between infection with a parasite and demon. of the parasite in the body ( oocyts or eggs ) from blood/feces.
--CAN BE SHORTER THAN INCUBATORY PERIOD (infection can be detected before symptoms show up)
-days to years

Front 50

stages of the parasitic infection:
patent period

Back 50

- course of a parasitic disease during which parasitic organisms can be demonstrated in the body
- no symptoms needed
-days to years

Front 51

what is the highest incidence of parasitic diseases in US?

Back 51

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm-- 50 million)
---intestinal roundworms are 1.4 billion

Front 52

the biggest killer?

Back 52

malaria

Front 53

identification of parasite:
1. stool?

Back 53

ova of worms
cysts of protozoa

Front 54

identification of parasite:
2. urine

Back 54

schistosoma haematobum (africa)

Front 55

identification of parasite:
3. blood

Back 55

plasmodium
leischmania
trypansomes

Front 56

identification of parasite:
4. tissue

Back 56

skin and muscle:
onchocerca
trinchinella
(large bowel infection: histolytica and S. mansoni)

Front 57

why is diagnosis of parasitic infection difficult?

Back 57

less characteristic clinical manifestation

Front 58

serologic exams:
serum? ABS

Back 58

toxoplasmosis

Front 59

serologic exams: Ag
1. blood
2.tissue
3.excreta
4. body fluids

Back 59

1. blood: plasmodium
2. body fluids: carni and t vaginalis
3. tissues: gondii
4. excreta: histolytica, giardia ad cryptosporidium

Front 60

name 4 parasites that DNA probes can be used to identify

Back 60

1. p. falciparum
2. t. cruzi
3. t. brucei
4. oncocerca spp ( and agents of lymphatic filariasis)

Front 61

what 3 things does a naked virus have?

Back 61

genome
protein core (nucleocapsid- direct contact with genome)
capsid, outer shell

**no lipid bilayer

Front 62

what 5 things does an enveloped virus have?

Back 62

genome
nucleocapsid
matrix proteins
envelope: lipid bilayer membrane
glycoproteins

Front 63

how are envelopes of an enveloped virus obtained?

Back 63

via budding from host cells

Front 64

where are viral receptors located?

Back 64

on a virus, determines host range of virus

Front 65

RNA genome of influenza is/isnt segmented?

Back 65

segmented

Front 66

retroviruses carry how many copies of the genome?

Back 66

2

Front 67

parvoviruses are?

Back 67

non segmented
single stranded
DNA molecules
very small

Front 68

reoviruses are?

Back 68

segmented
double stranded
RNA

Front 69

can a capsid or envelope glycoprotein be used to identify the serotype of a virus?

Back 69

yes

Front 70

what is a virus isolate?

Back 70

virus cultured from an individual that is unique and distinct in sequence from other related viruses

Front 71

RNA virus:
double/single stranded?
envelope?

Back 71

dsRNA genome
naked

Front 72

calicivirdae
rna/dna?
+/-?
envelope?

Back 72

+
ssRNA
naked

like picornaviridiea

Front 73

picornaviridae
+/-?
envelope?
RNA/DNA?

Back 73

+ssRNA
no envelope

like calicivirdae

Front 74

flavviridae

+/- ssRNA genome?
enveloped?

Back 74

+ssRNA genome
enveloped

"it has flavor"

Front 75

togaviridae

+/- ssRNA genome?
enveloped?

Back 75

+ssRNA genome
enveloped

just like flavivirdae

Front 76

retrovirsus

+/- ssRNA genome
enveloped
?

Back 76

diploid
yes envelope
+ssRNA

Front 77

retrovirsus
coronaviridae
+/- ssRNA genome
enveloped
?

Back 77

envelope
+ssRNA

like flaviv + togaviridae

Front 78

Rhabdoviridae:

+/- ssRNA genome
envelope/no envelope?

Back 78

- ssRNA
envelope

Front 79

bunyaviridae

+/- ssRNA genome
envelope/no envelope?

Back 79

-ssRNA
3 circular segments
enveloped
(zoonotic)

Front 80

orthomoyxoviridae

+/- ssRNA genome
envelope/no envelope?

Back 80

enveloped
- ssRNA
8 SEGMENTS

Front 81

paramyxoviridae

+/- ssRNA genome
envelope/no envelope?

Back 81

- ssRNA
enveloped

Front 82

Arenaviridae
+/- ssRNA genome
envelope/no envelope?

Back 82

- ssRNA
-2 segments
enveloped

Front 83

name all the dna viruses

Back 83

papovirus,
adenovirus,
hepavirus
herpesvirus
poxvirus

Front 84

which DNA virus contains equal amounts of sense and antisense ssDNA? is it enveloped?

Back 84

parvovirus,
naked

Front 85

does papovavirus have an envelope? is it circular or linear double stranded DNA genome

Back 85

circular
no envelope
double stranded

Front 86

adenovirus:

linear?
enveloped?

Back 86

naked
double stranded DNA

Front 87

hepadnaviridae

what kind of genome?
enveloped?
special??

Back 87

dsDNA
enveloped
gapped

Front 88

herpes virus:
genome?
enveloped?

Back 88

dsDNA genome
enveloped

Front 89

poxvirus

genome?
enveloped?

Back 89

dsDNA
DUAL ENVELOPED!!