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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What are the 5 types of parasites?
Prime time CNA |
Protozoa
Trematodes Cestodes Nematodes Arthropods |
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2. What are the 4 types of parasitic protozoas?
AFC sports |
Amoebas
Flagellates Ciliates Sporozoa |
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3. When you see fever and a stiff neck, what should you think of?
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Meningitis or Naegleria Fowleri
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4. What are the 2 Ameobas that cause human disease
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1. Naegleria fowleri
Free-living amoeba Highly fatal infections 2. Entamoeba histolytica True parasite Highly pathogenic, invasive disease |
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5. this highly pathogenic amoeba isAssociated with intestinal and extra-intestinal disease
Diarrhea Toxic megacolon Abscesses in liver, brain, lung |
Entamoeba histolytica
We ingest them in contaminated food, and water, they get in our feces and become mature cysts |
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6. Where is the likely entry point for Naegleria fowleri (little boy in the pond)
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Enters though the olfactory neuroepithelium and can cause amebic meningoencephalitis in HEALTHY people
DONT swim in farm ponds |
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7. What is the cause of hydrocephalis and intracranial calcifications, and chorioretinitis in fetuses?
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Toxoplasma gondii - a sporozoa
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8. How can the mother become infected with Toxoplasma gondii?
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Mom got it from the cat, fecal oocysts.
But of already had an older infection, and get another one while pregenant, very small chance of reaction? |
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9. What are some long term consequences of Toxoplasma gondii?
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Deafness, visual impairment, learning diff, and mental retardation.
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10. What parasite (flagellated protozoan) Considered by WHO to be 6th most important infectious disease in world - seen in afganistan?
What is the vector? |
Leishmania sp (A US marine serving in Afghanistan developed an ulcerative lesion on the hand. The lesion began as a small papule, and was initially itchy. Within a few weeks it had enlarged and ulcerated, exuding thin, serous fluid.)
Sand flies |
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11. What are the three forms of the disease?
What is unusual about the reservior? |
visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous
L.Donovani and Tropica Rural-wild and domestic canines; rodents Urban-humans |
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12. Where is visceral Leishmaniasis found?
Clinical Presentation? |
90% of cases occur in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan and Brazil
Clinical manifestations Fever, prostration, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss, anemia, ascites Liver failure High mortality rate |
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13. Where is Cutaneous Leishmaniasis found?
CP? |
Geographic distribution
Mediterranean, Equatorial Africa, Middle east, India,China Clinical manifestations Small papule at bite site Progresses to large ulcer Heals leaving large scar |
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14. Where is Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis found?
CP? |
Geographic distribution
Areas of south Texas, Southeast Mexico, Central and South America Clinical manifestations Lesion begins at bite site Invades nearby mucocutaneous areas Can lead to destruction of mucous membranes of nose, mouth, throat |
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Case of Peace corps worker snorkeling in Malawi - tumor in spine
What did she have? |
Shistosoma hematobium
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16. Shistosoma hematobium is a Parasitic Trematode (AKA Fluke)
What are the 3 famous examples of parasisitic Trematodes? |
Fasciola hepatica-
liver fluke Chronic, intermittent biliary obstruction and inflammation Schistosoma sp. blood flukes Abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, bloody diarrhea S. haemotobium can result in a transverse myelitis with flaccid paraplegia Paragonimus westermani Oriental lung fluke Chronic cough, hemoptysis |
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17. There are Three kinds of Shistosomas? 2 have spines!
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Schistosoma haematobium *
Schistosoma mansoni* Schistosoma japonicum this is second only to malaria in importance200 million people infected; 500 million at risk of infection |
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18. Before shistosoma becomes an adult worm, what is it called?
Where is it found? |
carcariae - burrows though the skin and get a hole.
Africa, Brazil, SE Asia |
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18. What are the 2 clinical presentations of shistosomiasis?
Chronic illness depends on what? |
1. itchy skin,
2. Serum sickness due to immune responce to egg production Granulomantous leisons * interfere with organ funtions. MAc and T wall them off |
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19. Treatment and Control of Shistosome?
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Praziquantel
Education regarding disease acquisition Improved sanitation Bio-control agents (predatory snails) Use of molluscicides Drainage of marsh areas |
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20. A 4-year-old immigrant boy from Mexico developed a new onset seizure.
Imaging of the brain revealed multiple lesions in the parietal region His serum was positive for antibodies to Taenia solium What kind of organism is this? How might the boy have become infected? What other important organisms belong to this group? |
Cestodes, aka Tape worm
different segments (proglottids) are shed in feces. |
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21. What are Examples of Parasitic Cestodes (Beef and Pork Tapeworm)
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Taenia saginata- beef tapeworm
Taenia solium- pork tapeworm Echinococcus granulosis Echinococcus multilocularis |
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22. Intermediate and definitive host of
Taenia solium? |
Pigs- intermediate hosts
Humans-definitive hosts |
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23. Can humans get this from eggs or the cyst?
clinical manifestaions? |
Both
In CNS, cause: seizures, hydrocephalis, cranial nerve damage, visual impairment same treatment as shisto (Praziquantel) |
