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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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high concentrations of oxygen can cause death within _ to _ minutes?
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1 to 3
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What four organism are the common causes of food borne illnesses?
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-E-coli
-Salmonella -Shigella -Listeria |
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hypothermia occurs when core body temp falls below what farenheit?
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95 degrees F
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The elderly and young are extremely susceptible to what two things?
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fire and poisoning
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Active immunity is what?
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occurs when a person receives and injection
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Passive immunity is what?
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when the body produces antibodies to the pathogen.
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Bioterrorism can be narrowed down to threats from biological agents such as 4 of them?
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-anthrax
-smallpox -pneumonic plague -botulism |
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What is the leading cause of death and disabilities in infants, toddlers, and pre-schoolers
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-prone to injuries
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School age children need to learn safety practices in the home, school and play. Need to wear safety equipmen-t, which includes what
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-helmets
-gloves -pads -educate about risk strangers pose |
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Adolescents are gaining increased independence and identity. They are more susceptible to what?
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-peer pressure
-experimenting with drugs, smoking and alcohol -begin driving so need to stress safety issues such as drinking, seat belt use, speeding, or reckless behavior, bullying and firearms. |
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medication errors accound for what percentage of all errors?
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60%
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For those over 65 years old, falls account for _ visits to emergency department each year?
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1.8 million
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the number 1 place for injury in a home is where?
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-bathroom
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What is the second placea injury can occur in a home?
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-kitchen
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Can have child abuse at any age what two groups are at high risk for abuse?
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young and elderly
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IMPT always check medication laben when?
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-obtaining med, preparing med, and before administration
(always check three times) |
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National Patient Safety goals:
1. Improve Communication among caregivers 2. Improve Safety of Using Medication 3. Reduce Healthcare acquired infections 4. Reduce risk of patient falls 5. actively involve patients in care give examples of each |
1. sign off on where patient is going. transfer form and have oxygen ready to give pt when they arrive in new dept. need to know what meds on. Call doctor to get clarification on all verbal orders. Hand off's between shifts are impt so new nurse coming on knows what you documented about patient.
2. Ask what meds the patient is on. Get list of meds. Clarify orders with MD 3. Label anything you draw up such as insulin that doesn't have label on it. DATE, INITIAL, TIME!!! 4. Fall plans at hospital are impt, assess patient for falls often! 5. Ask patients about their rights, teach them how to perform hand hygiene. |
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What is SBAR stand for and what is it?
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-Situation
-Background -Assessment -Recommendation -Used to communicate to caregiver or MD explanation of patients status. |
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What is the functional unit of the kidney are what does it do?
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-nephron
-forms urine by removing waste from the blood. |
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What are the ureters?
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-transport urine form the kidneys to the bladder. Urine draining between kidneys to bladder is sterile
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-What is the bladder?
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-reservoir for urine until the urge to urinate develops.
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-What is the urethra?
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urine travels from the bladder and exits through the urethra meatus.
-When the pelvic floor muscles are contracted, it is possible to prevent urine flow through the urethra. |
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-How much urine does the bladder hold?
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-600 mL
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In order to urinate what must happen?
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-the bladder must contract and relaxation of the urethral sphincter muscles must occur.
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There are two types of renal failure what are they?
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-acute renal failure (reversible)
-chronic renal insufficiency (irreversible) |
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What is end stage renal disease (ESRD)?
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-irreversible damage to the kidney tissue. and patient is on dialysis and waiting for kidney transplant.
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What are two renal replacement therapies?
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-dialysis-hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
-organ transplant |
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What does nocturia mean?
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-urge to void that awakens one at night
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polyuria means what?
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-excessive output of urine
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oliguria means what?
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decreased urinary output in spite of adequate fluid intake
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Anuria means what?
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-when the kidneys produce no urine.
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What is the uremic syndrome?
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-compromised of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, nausea, vomiting, headache, coma, and convulsions. Increase in nitrogenous wastes in blood.
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Dialysis can be peritoneal or renal(hemodialysis). Describe peritoneal?l
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-an indirect method of cleaning the blood of waste products using osmosis and diffusion with the peritoneum functioning as a semipermeable membrane.
-peritoneal (abdomen) area! insert catheter into peritoneal cavity and it pushes dialysis fluid into small blood vessels to remove the wastes from the blood. |
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What disease increases the risk for chronic renal failure?
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-diabetes is the number 1 risk factor!!!
-high blood pressure also is bad. |
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Describe hemodialysis
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-Hemodialysis uses a machine equipped with a semipermeable filtering membrane. Hemodialysis removes extra fluids, chemicals and wastes from your bloodstream by filtering your blood through an artificial kidney (dialyzer). The process of diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration cleansethe clients blood. The blood returns through a vascular access device such as a catheter.
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What are UTI's caused by what organism?
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-e-coli
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-What is urinary incontinency?
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-involuntary leakage of urine.
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-Urinary tract infections (urosepsis) are a result of what three things
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1. catherization
2. procedure 3. sexual intercourse |
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-What is bacteruria?
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-bacteria in the urine, can lead to organisms into the kidney and possibly bacteremia (bacteria in bloodstream)
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Burning during urination is called?
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-dysuria
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irritated bladder is called what?
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-cystitis
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-If infection spreads to the kidneys what occurs and what are they symptoms?
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-pyelonephritis occurs, symptoms of flank pain, tenderness, fever, and chills
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What is one urinary diversion?
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-urostomies (urinary stoma)
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What is a urostomie
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-used when patient can't empty bladder and can't use catheters. So instead you use urostomies or super pubic catheter or pouch. This pouch is put in to diver the flow of urine from the kidney to a external source (the stoma0. This can be necessary b/c of trauma, cancer, radiation, fistula, or chronic cystitis.
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What should the color of urine look like
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pale straw (light yellow, yellow) to amber color
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If the bladder is distended it will do what?
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-rise above symphsis pubis.
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-An hourly output of less than _ ml for more than two hours is a cause for concern and further assessment
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30 ml
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Stagnant urine has a strong _ odor?
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ammonia odor. Stagnant means not flowing or moving.
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sweet or fruity smells come from what patients?
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-diabetes and starved patients
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urine is more concentrated when?
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-in the morning
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Medications can change the color of urine as can beets, rhubarb, or blackberries. Dark amber urine is the result of what?
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-bilirubin from liver disease.
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hematuria means
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blood in the urine
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Name types of incontinence?
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-Functional
-stress -urge -mixed -dribbling -reflex |
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-What is functional incontinence?
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-cuased by inability to physcially get to the bathroom
-due to severe arthritis, joint surgery |
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What is stress incontinence?
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with coughing, laughing, sneezing
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Urge incontinence?
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-strong urge to urinate leads to involuntary urinating can't help it!!!
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