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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Roles and Functions of the nurse
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Caregiver, communicator, teacher, client advocate, counselor, change agent, leader, manager, case manager and research consumer.
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Nurse practice Act
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legally defines and describes the scope of nursing practice for each state, thru liscensing requirements
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ANA standards
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describes a competent level of nursing care: Assessment; diagnosis; outomes;planning;implementation; evaluation;
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additional ANA standards
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quality of practice, enhances effectiveness of nursing; on-going education; prof. practice eval.; collegiality-interacting w/peers; collaboration w/clients and family; ethics, research, resource utilization & leadership
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Evidence-based practice
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The use of some form of substantiation in making clinical decisions.
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RN Responsibilities
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Assessment, plan care and evaluating care.
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LPN Responsibilities
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Provide technical care under RN's supervision
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Nightingale
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1800's:Environmental theory:
the act of utilizing the env. to assist health recovery; 5 enviro factors; pure air, water, efficient drainage, cleanliness :& light |
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Peplau
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Psych Nurse 1952; Nurse-client relationship; orientation, id, exploitation & resolution
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Henderson
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1966; Like nightingale enviro theory; 14 needs of client<BR>Breathing normally<BR>Eating & drinking adequately<BR>eliminating<BR>moving and maintaing comfort<BR>sleeping<BR>suitable clothes<BR>Body temp<BR>body clean<BR>avoid env. dangers<BR>communication with others<BR>worshipping<BR>work satisfying<BR>playing<BR>learning, discovering
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Leininger
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1970, 91; Nurse Anthropologist; transcultural nursing; 3 intervention modes; culture care.
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Watson
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2005 Caring central to Nursing; carative factors
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Different types of health care agencies
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Public health, Physicians office, Ambulatory care; Occupational Health Clinic; Hospital, Subacute care; extended care; assisted living; rehab;home health; day care; rural care; hospice; crisis care
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Different types of services
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Primary; secondary & tertiary
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Problem of underinsured in america
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Number of elderly increasing; advances in tech $; Economics; Uneven Dist of services; access to health insurance
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Goals of Healthy People 2010
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increase quality & years of healthy life in graying pop.; eliminate health disparities "diversity of population:
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Health Promotion
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Behavior motivated by desire to avoid illness
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Health Prevention
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Avoiding development of disease in the future; intervention to limit disease.
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Stages of Health Behavior Change
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Precontemplation:0 action
Contemplation: not ready to commit, admits to prob. Preparation: take action soon Action: Makes Observ. Mods Maintenance: Strives to prevent relapse Termination: Copes 0fear of relapse |
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components of Wellness
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Social: Interacts w/peers; intimacy with others
Emotional: expresses feelings Intellectual: cont'd growth Spiritual: belief in God Occupational: work/leisure Enviro: green |
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Model of Health & Wellness
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clinical Model; Role Perf Model; Adaptive Model; Eudemonistic Model; Agent-Host Environmental Model
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clinical Model of Health & Wellness
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Absence of signs and symptoms of disease/injury
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Role Performance Model of H & W
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Ability to do you job
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Adaptive Model o H & W
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Creative process; disease equals failure in adaptation to environment
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Eudemonistic Model of H&W
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Actualizing your potential
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Agent-Host Environmental Model of H&W
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"Ecologic Model", used in practicing illness; results from interactions of agent, host and environment
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Concepts related to cultural nursing care
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subculture- ethnicity, nurses
Bicultural - cuban/amerilecan Diversity - differences Acculturation - adopting traits of host culture |
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concepts related to cultural nursing care, cont'd.
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assimilation - developing a new cultural identity
Race - classifying bio charact. Prejudice; stereotyping Ethnocentrism - One culture is better Discrimination Culture shock S |
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Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM)s
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based on Holism, Humanism, balance, spirituality, energy & healing
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Different healing Modalities
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Ayurveda - Indian (dosha)
Trad. Chinese Med - acupuncture, qi Curanderismo - Hispa |
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Family Assessment
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Determine the level of family functioning
Clarify family iteraction patterns Identify family strengths Health statis of family members |
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Communication Process
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Sender
Message Receiver Response Feedback |
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Modes of Communication
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Verbal
Non-verbal - gestures, facial exp. and touch |
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Therapeutic Communication
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Seeking clarification from client
Consensual validation offering self Giving Info |
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Therapeutic Communication cont'd
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Acknowledging clients pos. strides
Clarifying time events Presenting reality/vs unreal Focusing; helping client to focus Reflecting; helping client reflect Summarizing & Plan; w/ client |
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Barriers to communication
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Stereotyping, agreeing or disagreeing; being defensive; challenging;
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More Barriers to communicationment
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Probing; Testing; Rejecting; Changing topics and subjects; unwarranted reassurance; Passing Judgement; Giving common advice
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Components of Self Concept
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Personal Identity
Body Image Role Performance Self Esteem |
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Factors that affect self concept
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Stage of development: ie infant
Family & Culture :expectations Stressors: strengthen or maladapt Resources: internal - conficence, values external - support, finances, org. |
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More factors that affect self concept
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History os success or failure
Illness: - ie: mastectomy, amputation |
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Spiritual Well being
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Generally alive, purposeful & fulfilled.
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Spiritual Distress
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A challenge to the spiritual well being or belief system
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characteristics of Spiritual Distress
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Lack of hope
Abandoned by God Refuses interaction w/fam & frds Sudden change is spiritual practices Requests to see a rel. leader 0 interest in spiritual things |
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Related concepts of spirituality
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Religion
Faith Hope Transcendence - looking beyond self to future event Forgiveness |
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Beliefs about Birth
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Muslims - Call to prayer in infants ear; named 7th day
Christians - infant baptism Jews - 8th day named |
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Beliefs about Death
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Muslims - dying clients head toward Mecca
Catholic - Sac. of sick Jews - burial w/in 24 hrs Hindus - cremation w/in 24 hrs |
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Defense Mechanisms
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Compensation - covering up weakness w/ desirable one
Denial - ignoring crisis Displacement - trans blame Identification - imitate someone else to cover anxiety |
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More defense mechanisms
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Intellectualization - Rationalizing
Introjection- allows for acceptance of others norms Minimization - Ignoring prob. |
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More def mech
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Projection - Blaming someone else or something
Rationalization - faulty logic Reaction formation - acting opposite of feelings Regression Sublimation - Controlling promitive sexual desires undoing - making reparation Substitution - replacing |
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Minimizing Anxiety in Client
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Explain procedures; help client manage anxiety
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Behaviorism
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Learning Theory: Pavlov, Skinner & Bandura - conditioning behavior, praise &
positive feedback |
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cognitivism
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Learning Theory: theorists:
Piaget, Lewin & Bloom - intellectual learning; cognitive, affective & psychomotor domains of learning |
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Humanism
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Learning Theory:
Maslow & Rogers - learning is self motivated, self initiated and self evaluated. |
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Factors Affecting learning
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Motivation;Readiness; active involvement;
relevance; feedback; nonjudgmental support; simple to complex; repetition |
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More Factors affecting learning
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Timing;
environment; emotions; physiologic Events; cultural aspects; Psychomotor ability |
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Elements in Nursing History that provide clues to learning needs
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age
clients understanding of health problem health beliefs and practices cultural factors economic factors learning style client's support system |
