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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frame
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What is the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) called at Layer 2
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Packet
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What is the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) called at Layer 3
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Segment
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What is the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) called at Layer 4
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Message or Data
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What is the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) called at above Layer 4
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Version: Internet Header Length
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4 + 4 bits
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Total Length
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16 bits: header + payload, in octets
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3 Flags: Fragment offset
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3 + 13 bits
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Payload's protocol
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8 bits
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Destination IP address
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32
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ifconfig
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How do you find an IP address using Linux?
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ipconfig
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How do you find an IP address using Windows?
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Tracepath/Traceroute
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Operates by sending datagrams with low TTL values and then collects reports.
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Routing Table
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-Specifies which port a packet should be forwarded to
-Contains entries for various networks, indicating which interface leads to that network -The MASK for each entry indicates how many bits to use. |
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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Table
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-Matches IP addresses with MAC addresses.
-A broadcast is sent out requesting the MAC address matching a given IP address. -The node with the requested IP will reply. |
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10.0.0.0
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Private, non-routable address block
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172.16.0.0
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Private, non-routable address block
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192.168.0.0
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Private, non-routable address block
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127.0.0.0
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Loopback address (home)
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169.264.0.0
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Link local address
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DHCP sequence
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-Starting host broadcasts "DHCP Discover" packet
-DHCP server responds with "DHCP Offer" -Host acknowledges with "DHCP Request" |
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Class A IP address
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1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0
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Class B IP address
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128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0
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Class C IP address
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192.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.0
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Distance Vector algorithm
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Routers share their ENTIRE ROUTING TABLES, with IMMEDIATE neighbors only
EXAMPLE: Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) |
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Link State algorithm
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Routers share their IMMEDIATE-NEIGHBOR LINKS ONLY, but BROADCAST
EXAMPLE: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) |
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Regional Internet Registry
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Assign Autonomous System Numbers to Autonomous System operators
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Three-way Handshake
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SYN-> SYN-ACK -> ACK
SYN: Synchronize ACK: Acknowledge |
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Types of TCP connection attacks
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SYN Flood
SYN/FIN attack RST attack, SYN attack Session hijacking |
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HTTP
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App-level protocol for delivery of webpages
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HTTPS
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A secure alternative to HTTP
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FTP
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Port 21: Control channel
Port 20: Data channel Active mode Passive mode |
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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Port 25
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