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172 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A.A.B.B.
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American Association of Blood Banks
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Accessioning
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The process of numbering, logging, and labeling a specimen
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C.L.I.A. '88
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Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988
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C.D.C.
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Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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D.H.H.S.
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Department of Health and Human Services
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Epidemiology
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The study of the factors that cause disease and determine disease frequency and distribution
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Hematology
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The study of blood and the blood forming tissue
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Immunohematology
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The study of blood group antigens and antibodies (blood banking)
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J.C.H.O.
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Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
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Microbiology
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The study of microscopic forms of life
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N.C.C.L.S.
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National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards
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Pathologist
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A physician specially trained in the nature and cause of disease
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Venipuncturist
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same as a phlebotomist
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Phlebotomist
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someone trained to draw blood
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Plasma
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The liquid portion of blood that blood and cells are suspended in
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P.O.C.T.
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Pont of care testing also called bed side testing
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P.O.L.
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physician office laboratory
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Reference Laboratory
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An independent regional lab that offers routine and specialized testing to hospitals
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Serum
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The liquid obtained from blood that has been allowed to clot
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Stat Test
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A test that must be done immediately
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Virology
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The study of viruses
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Whole Blood
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Blood that contains all components
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Centi
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Prefix used to indicate one hundredth of a unit
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Gram (g)
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basic unit of weight or mass
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Kilo
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Prefix used to indicate one thousand units
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Liter (L)
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basic metric unit of volume
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Meter (m)
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Basic metric unit of length or distance
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Micro
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Prefix use to indicate one millionth of a unit
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Milli
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Prefix used to indicate one thousandth of a unit
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Nano
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Prefix used to indicate one billionth of a unit
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S.I. Unit
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Standard units of measurements; International units
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A.I.D.S.
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrom; a form of immunodeficiency induced by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (H.I.V.)
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Autoclave
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an instrument that uses pressurized steam for sterilization
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Carcinogen
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a substance with the potential to produce cancer in humans or animals
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Caustic
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a substance that burns or destroys skin and flesh
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Corrosive
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a chemical agent that has the ability to gradually destroy a material
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Fume hood
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a device that draws contaminated air out of an area and either cleanses and recirculates it or discharges it out side
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H.I.V.
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Human immunodeficiency virus; a retro virus that has been identified as the cause of A.I.D.S.
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Mutagen
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a substance with the potential to make a stale change in a gene that is then passed on to the offspring
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Aerosol
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Liquid in the form of a very fine mist
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Alimentary tract
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the digestive tube from the mouth to the anus
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Biological safety cabinet
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a special cabinet that provides protection while working with infectious microorganisms
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Exposure incident
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an accident in which an individual has been exposed to possible infection through contact with body substances from another individual
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H.B.V.
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Hepatitis B Virus; a virus that causes hepatitis and is transmitted by contact with infected blood or other fluids
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H.C.V.
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Hepatitis C Virus; same as H.B.V.
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O.P.I.M.
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Other potentially infectious material; any and all body fluids tissue, organs or other specimens from a human source
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Parenteral
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any route other than the alimentary canal; intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or mucosal
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Pathogenic
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Capable of causing damage or injury to host
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Accuracy
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A measure of how close a determined value is to the true value
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Average
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The sum of values divided by the number of values; mean
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Coefficient of Variation
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A calculated value that compares the relative variable between different sets of data
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Control Serum
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A serum with a known concentration of the same constituents as those being measured in the patient sample
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Gaussian Curve
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A graph plotting the distribution of values around the mean; normal frequency curve
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Levy-Jennings chart
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a quality control chart used to record daily quality values
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Mean
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the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values; Average
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Precision
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reproducibility of results; the closeness of obtaining values to each other
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Random error
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error whose source cannot be definitely identified
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Shift
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An abrupt change from the established mean indicated by the occurrence of all control values on one side of the mean
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Standard
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A chemical solution of a known concentration that can be used as a reference or calibration substation
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Standard Deviation
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A measure of the spread of a population of values around the mean
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Trend
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An indication of error in the analysis detected by increasing or decreasing values in the control sample
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Westgards rule
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a set of rules used to determine when a method is out of control
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Centrifuge
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an instrument that spins tubes at high speeds forcing heavy particles in samples to the bottom of the tubes
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Deionized water
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water that has most of the mineral ions removed
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Distilled water
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the condensate collected from steam after water has been boiled
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Microfuge
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A type of centrifuge that spins micro-centrifuge tubes at high speeds
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pH
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a measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration expressing the degree or acidity or alkalinity of a solution
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Rotor
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the part of a centrifuge that holds the tubes and rotates during the operation of the centrifuge
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Serofuge
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a centrifuge that spins small tubes such as those used in blood banking
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Critical measurement
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measurement made when the accuracy of the concentration of a solution is important
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Meniscus
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the curved upper surface of a liquid in a containing
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non-critical measurement
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estimated measurement; measurement made in containers that estimate volume
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Reagent
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substance or solution used in laboratory analysis
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Solute
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a liquid, gas, or solid dissolved in a liquid to make a solution
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Solvent
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the liquid in which substances are dissolved
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TC
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To Contain
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TD
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To Deliver
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Binocular
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having two oculars or eye pieces
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Coarse adjustment
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the control that adjusts position of microscope objectives used to initially bring object into focus
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Condenser
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apparatus located below the microscope stage that directs light into the objective
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Eyepiece
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ocular
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Fine adjustment
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used to sharpen focus/very small adjustment
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Iris diaphragm
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devise that regulates the amount of light striking the specimen being viewed through the microscope; works like the shutter on a camera
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Lens
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a curved transparent material that spreads or focuses light
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Microscope arm
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the portion of the microscope that connects the lenses to the base
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Monocular
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having one ocular or eyepiece
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Revolving nosepiece
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revolving unit to which microscope objectives are attached
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Objective
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Magnifying lens closest to the object being viewed with the microscope
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Parfocal
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Objective that may be interchanged without varying the instruments focus
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Resolving Power
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the ability of a microscope to distinguish between two separate but adjacent objects
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Stage
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platform that holds the object to be viewed microscopically
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Working distance
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distance between the microscope objective and the slide when the object is in sharp focus
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Stage clip
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clip that holds the slide against the stage for stable viewing
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Anticoagulant
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a chemical that prevents blood coagulation
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Artery
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blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues
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Capillary
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A minute blood vessel that connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins and serves as an exchange
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cardiopulmonary circulation
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the system of blood vessels that circulates blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
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CBC
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Complete blood count; a commonly performed group of hematological tests
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de-oxyhemoglobin
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the hemoglobin formed when oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen to tissue becoming de-oxyginated
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E.D.T.A.
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ethylenediaminetetra-acitic acid; an anticoagulant commonly used on hematology
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Erythrocytes
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blood cell that transports oxygen to tissue and carbon dioxide to the lungs; aka Red blood cells
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Granulocytes
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a leukocyte containing granules in the cytoplasm; any of the neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or basophilic leukocytes
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Hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb)
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the major functional component of RBC's that serves as the oxygen carrying protein
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Hemopoiesis
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the process of blood cell formation and development; hematopoiesis
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Hemostasis
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the process of stopping bleeding
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Leukocyte
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blood cell that functions in immunity; white blood cell (WBC)
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Megakaryocyte
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A large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived
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Oxyhemoglobin
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the form of hemoglobin that binds and transports oxygen
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Platelet
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a formed element in circulating blood that plays an important role in blood coagulation; a small disk shaped fragment of cytoplasm derived from a megakaryocyte; a thrombocyte
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Stem cell
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a primitive, undifferentiated bone marrow sell
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systemic circulation
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the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to the tissues and back to the heart
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Thrombocyte
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a blood platelet
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Vein
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a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the tissues to the heart
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Capillary action
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The action by which a fluid enters a tube because of the attraction between the fluid and tube
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Capillary tube
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a glass tube of very small diameter used for lab procedures
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Heparin
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anticoagulant used in certain lab procedures
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Lancet
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a steril, sharp pointed blade used to perform a capillary puncture
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Lateral
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to the side
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Cephalic vein
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a superficial vein of the arm commonly used for venipuncture
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Needle gauge
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a measure of the diameter of a needle
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Hematoma
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the swelling of tissue around a vessel due to leakage of blood into tissue
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Hypodermic needle
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a hollow needle used for injections or for obtaining fluid specimens
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Lumen
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the open space within a tubular organ or tissue
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Median cubital veins
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a superficial vein located in the bend of the elbow (cubital fossa) that connects the cephalic vein to the basilic vein
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Palpate
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to examine by touch
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Syringe
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a hollow, tube like container with a plunger, used for injecting or withdrawing fluids
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Tourniquet
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a band used to constrict blood flow
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Anticoagulant/ Vacuum Tube color:
None/Red None/Red/Gray ETDA/Lavender Heparin/Green Sodium citrate/Light Blue Sodium fluoride/Grey Buffered sodium citrate/Black |
Vaccume tube color
Red: For test that require serum, such as blood chemistries & and serology Red/Grey: Serum separator Lavender: Most hematological tests, blood typing Green: Some special chemistry tests, certain lymphocyte studies, lupus erythematosus test Light Blue: Most coagulation studies Gray: Certain glucose tests Black: Westergren ESR |
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Buffy Coat
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A light colored layer of leukocytes & platelets that forms on top of the RBC layer when a sample of blood is centrifuged or allowed to stand
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Hematocrit
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The volume of erythrocytes packed by centrifugation in a given volume of blood and expressed as a %
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Microhematocrit
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a hematocrit performed in capillary tubes using a small amount of blood
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microhematocrit centrifuge
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special centrifuge that spins capillary tubes
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Packed cell column
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the layer of blood cells that form when a tube of whole blood is centrifuged
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Anemia
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A decrease below normal in the RBC count or in the blood hemoglobin
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Aperture
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an opening
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Cell diluting
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a solution used to dilute blood for cell counts
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Erythrocytosis
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An excess of RBC in the peripheral blood; sometimes called polycythemia
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Hemacytometer
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a heavy glass slide made to very precise specifications, used to count cells microscopically
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Hemacytometer cover glass
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a special cover glass of uniform thickness used with a hemacytometer
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Hemolysis
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the destruction of RBC resulting in the release of hemoglobin from cells
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immunity
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resistance to disease or infection
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isotonic solution
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a solution that has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the solution or cell with which it is compared
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Leukocytosis
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increase above normal in the number of leukocytes (WBC) in the blood
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leukopenia
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decrease below normal in the number of leukocytes (WBC) in the blood; leukocytopenia
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Micropipet
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a pipet that measures or holds volumes less than 1mL
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Petri Dish
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a shallow, covered dish made of plastic or glass
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thrombocytopenia
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abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood
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thrombocytosis
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abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the blood
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cyanmethemoglobin
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a stable colored compound formed when hemoglobin is reacted with Drabkins reagent
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Drabken's reagent
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a hemoglobin diluting reagent that contains, iron, potassium, cyanide and sodium bicarbonate
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globin
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the protien portion of the hemoglobin molecule
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Heme
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the iron-containing protion of the hemoglobin molecule
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Hemiglobincyanide (HiCN)
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Cyanmethemoglobin
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Buffer
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a substance that lessons shange in the pH of a solution when acid or base (alkali) is added
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cytoplasm
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the fluid portion of the cell surrounding the nucleus
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Eosin
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a red-orange stain or dye
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fixative
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preservative; a chemical that prevents deterioration of cells or tissue
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Methylene blue
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a blue stain or dye
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morphology
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the form and structure fo cells, tissue, and organs
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Nucleus (pl. nuclei)
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the central structure of a cell that contains DNA and controls cell growth and function
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polychromatic
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having many colors
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Anisocytosis
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marked variation in the sizes of erythrocytes when observed on a peripheral blood smear
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Band cell
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an immature granulocyte with a non-segmented nucleus; a "stab cell"
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Basophil
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a leukocyte containing basophylic staining granules in the cytoplasm
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Basophilic
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blue in color; having an affinity for the basic stain
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Differential count
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a determination of the relative number of each type of leukocyte in a stained blood smear
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Eosinophil
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a leukocyte containing eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm
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Hypochromatic
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having reduced color or hemoglobin content
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lymphocyte
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a small basophilic-staining leukocyte having a round or oval nucleus, plays a vital role in the immune process
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Macrocyte
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having a larger-than-normal cell size
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Microcyte
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having a smaller-than-normal cell size
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Monocyte
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a large leukocyte usually characterized by a convoluted or horseshoe shaped nucleus
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