Intro To Judaism Midterm

Front 1

Aggadah

Back 1

The component of the oral tradition that is not concerned wit the technical study of religious law.

Front 2

Amora

Back 2

A rabbi from the 3rd-5th centuries, whose views are cited in the Talmud or contemporary rabbinic works

Front 3

Apocrypha

Back 3

Works that were included in the Greek corpus of Jewish scriptures, but not in the Hebrew Bible

Front 4

Bar/Bat Mitzvah

Back 4

"Subject to the commandments"--Jewish male/female who has reached the age where he/she is legally responsible under Jewish law

Front 5

Canaan

Back 5

The name for the land of Israel prior to its conquest by Joshua

Front 6

Dead Sea scrolls

Back 6

A library of ancient Jewish texts written during the Second Temple era discovered in caves near Qumran

Front 7

Diaspora

Back 7

The Jewish communities scattered outside the land of Israel

Front 8

Divided Monarchy

Back 8

The era during which Israel was divided into two states: the northern ten tribes of Israel, and the southern kingdom of Judah

Front 9

Erusin

Back 9

"betrothal"--a formal stage in the Jewish marriage process, where the couple are legally bound but do not live together

Front 10

Essenes

Back 10

A Second Temple era Jewish movement that removed itself from Jerusalem and inhabited separate communities where they observed strict standards of piety and purity; probable authors of the dead sea scrolls of Qumran

Front 11

Exodus

Back 11

Second book of the Torah, describes the enslavement of the Hebrews in Egypt, their miraculous liberation by God, and the receiving of the Torah at Mount Sinai

Front 12

Ezra-Nehemiah

Back 12

Describes the return of the Jews to Jerusalem following the Babylonian exile; part of the Ketuvim

Front 13

15 Shevat

Back 13

Holiday in winter that celebrates the land of Israel and its produce

Front 14

Great Revolt

Back 14

The failed uprising against Rome in 66-73 CE that culminated in the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE

Front 15

Halakhah

Back 15

the component of the Jewish oral tradition that deals with matters of law

Front 16

Hannukah

Back 16

Feast of Dedication, used to commemorate the purification of the Jerusalem temple after it had been used for pagan worship during the reign of Antiochus IV

Front 17

Hasmoneans

Back 17

Priestly family who led the revolt against Antiochus IV, established themselves as the political and priestly leaders of Judea

Front 18

HEbrew Bible

Back 18

Sacred scripture of the Jews, divided into the Torah, Nevi'im (prophets), Ketuvim (Writings) w/ 24 books total

Front 19

Huppah

Back 19

Canopy under which Jewish wedding ceremonies are conducted

Front 20

Jerusalem Talmud

Back 20

commentary on the Mishnah compiled from the discussion of rabbis from the third to fifth centuries in the land of Israel

Front 21

Job

Back 21

Book in the Ketuvim that explores issues of theodicy and suffering in the frameowkr of the story of Job

Front 22

Kabbalah

Back 22

A medieval system of Jewish esoteric teach

Front 23

Ketuvim

Back 23

Hebrew: Sacred Writings

Front 24

Levites

Back 24

Descended from Jacob's son Levi, designated as a holy tribe without a territory

Front 25

Messiah

Back 25

A figure who will try and redeem Israel but will fail before achieving his mission

Front 26

Midrash

Back 26

Rabbinic teachings related to the Bible

Front 27

Mishnah

Back 27

1. the title of an authoritative collection of Jewish oral traditions related to law, compiled by Judah the Prince
2. an individual unit or paragraph in the MIshnah
3. the genre consisting of oral teachings that are not connected to scripture

Front 28

Nevi'im

Back 28

Prophets; second division in the Jewish Bible

Front 29

9th of Av

Back 29

Annual day of fasting for the destruction of the two Jerusalem Temples and several other national catastrophes

Front 30

Pentateuch

Back 30

the books of Moses, or the Torah

Front 31

Pharisees

Back 31

"separate"--a Second Temple era movement that encouraged Torah scholarship as a religious value and maintained strict standards of purity and dietary observance

Front 32

Pseudepigrapha

Back 32

Ancient Jewish texts, many of them on an apocalyptic nature, that claimed to be written or revealed by Biblical figures

Front 33

Qumran

Back 33

Archeological site in the Judean desert near the Dead Sea where a library of manuscript scrolls was discovered from the Second Temple era; probably Essene community

Front 34

Rabbi

Back 34

"my teacher"--titel given to a recognized authority on Jewish law

Front 35

Rosh Hashanah

Back 35

Jewish New Year, holiday celebrated on the first day of the sevent month (tishri); a day of divine judgment

Front 36

Sabbath

Back 36

weekly day of rest

Front 37

Sadducees

Back 37

Second Temple era Jewish movement that upheld the ideals of the traditional high priesthood

Front 38

Second Temple Era

Back 38

The era extending from the return of the Babyolnian exiles until the destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem (530-70 BCE)

Front 39

Septuagint

Back 39

Greek translation of the Torah, composed by 70 Jewish scholars

Front 40

17th of Tammuz

Back 40

Fast day commemorating the breach of the walls of Jerusalem by the Romans

Front 41

Sukkah

Back 41

Tabernacle; temporary structure in which one dwells during the feast of Tabernacles, to commemorate the wanderings of the Israelites in the desert after the exodus from Egypt

Front 42

Sukkot

Back 42

A seven-day pilgrimage festival held in the fall commemorating the ingathering of the crops and the journey of the Israelites in the wilderness

Front 43

Synagogue

Back 43

assembly; pace where Jews assemble for the reading of scripture and prayer

Front 44

Talmud

Back 44

One of two collective interpretations of the Mishnah composed between the third and seventh centuries, consisting largely of intricate debates and analysis on technical issues of religious law

Front 45

Tamid

Back 45

continual offering; sacrifices offered every morning and evening on behalf of the community

Front 46

Tanakh

Back 46

Acronym for the three divisions of the Hebrew Bible

Front 47

Tanna

Back 47

a sage whose views are cited in the MIshnah or other works from the first to early third centuries; a functionary in the amoraic schools responsible for memorizing and reciting earlier traditions

Front 48

Ten lost tribes

Back 48

The northern kingdom tribes who were conquered by the Assyrians and lost to Judaism

Front 49

Tetragrammaton

Back 49

Hoy four-letter name of God that is not pronounced by Jews, and is usually replaed by an epithet meaning Lord

Front 50

T'fillin

Back 50

Passages from the torah that are written on pieceso f parchment and inserted into leather boxes that are strapped to the arm as amulets

Front 51

Torah

Back 51

teaching, guidance the first five books of the Hebrew Bible; more generally, the teachings of Judaism

Front 52

Aleppo Codex (date)

Back 52

930 CE, most authoritative version of the Hebrew bible because it is fully vowelled