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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does "self" refer to?
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one's own body
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What does "non-self" refer to?
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anything that is not part of one's own body
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What is a state of immunologic inactivity called?
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Tolerance
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What are agents that provoke immune responses?
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Immunogens
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What are the things that the immune system specifically reacts with?
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Antigens
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What do antibodies and T cells physically bind to?
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Epitopes
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What are molecules that are only immunogenic when attached to a carrier molecule?
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Haptens
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Define Tolerance.
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A state of immunologic inactivity after exposure to an antigen
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What are 3 types of lymphocytes?
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B Lymphocytes, T Lymphocytes and Natural Killer Cells
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What are the characteristics of B Lymphocytes?
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Secrete antibodies when in plasma and present antigens
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What are the characteristics of T Lymphocytes?
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they kill infected ells, secrete cytokines and activate phagocytes, T cells and B cells
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What are the characteristics of Natural Killer Cells?
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Large granular lymphocytes that kill tumor and virally infected cells
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What are 2 types of myeloid cells?
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Monocytes/Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
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What is the job of Monocytes/macrophages?
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They are phagocytic cells that also present antigens
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What is the job of Dendritic Cells?
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to present antigen
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What are 3 types of granulocytes?
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Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Mast cells
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What is the job of Neutrophils?
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They are phagocytic cells
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What is the job of Eosinophils?
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anti-helminth immunity
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What is the job of Mast cells?
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trigger inflammatory responses, innate immunity and anti-helminth immunity
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What are 3 types of antigen presenting cells (APCs)?
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B cells, Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
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What method do B cells use to capture antigens?
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surface antibody molecules
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What method do macrophages use to capture antigens?
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phagocytosis of pathogens
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What method do Dendritic cells use to capture antigens?
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endocytosis
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What is the normal range of white blood cells in the body (#/microL)?
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4500-11000 / microL
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What are 7 key molecules involved in the immune response?
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Antibodies, T cell receptors, complement proteins, major histocompatibility complex, cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines
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What types of antigens do Antibodies bind?
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both large and small molecules
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What types of antigens do TCRs bind?
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oligopeptides + MHC molecules
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What types of antigens do MHCs bind?
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oligopeptides
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What are the primary lymphoid organs?
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Bone marrow and Thymus
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What are the secondary lymphoid organs?
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spleen and lymph nodes
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What 2 fluids do lymphocytes circulate between?
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Blood and Lymph
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What are the characteristics of the innate branch of the immune system?
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Non-specific, no memory, fast response (hours) and doesn't improve with exposure
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What are the characteristics of the adaptive branch of the immune system?
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Highly specific, has memory, slow response (days) and improves with exposure
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What is the main mechanical barrier to infection in the respiratory tract?
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flow of fluid and mucus by cilia
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What is the main chemical barrier to infection in the GI tract?
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acidity of the stomach and presense of enzymes (proteases)
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What is the main microbiological barrier to infection in the skin, GI tract and UI tract?
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normal bacterial flora
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Describe the clonal selection of B lymphocytes by a pathogen?
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Lymphocytes develop with a wide variety of specificity, during infection on the these types may recognize the pathogen, this cells then makes many copies of itself
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Where are lymphocytes activated?
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the secondary lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes)
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In what part of the lymph node are activated B cells found?
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in the lymphoid follicle
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In what part of the lymph node are T-cells found?
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in the paracortical area
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Describe the memory response (vaccinations)?
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faster inducing, longer-lasting and more potent
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What molecule makes a good antigen?
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protein > carbohydrate >>> lipids (large>small)
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List the routes of immunization in order of effectiveness?
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subcutaneous, intramuscular > intraperitoneal > IV,oral
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