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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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positioning
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AP=anterior to posterior
PA=posterior to anterior Lateral=side to side named with side closest to detector Oblique=beam at angle |
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radological densities
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air=black
fat=black water=shades of grey bone(calcium)=white |
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conventional/plain X ray
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x rays bombard tungsten target with electron beam and strike casette, intensifying screen produces high res image, need 2 views, adv=low tech and cost, good for bone and chest disease; disadv=radiation, multi views needed, 2D, no physiologic info
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Gray unit
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absorption of one joule of radiation E by one kilo of matter=100 rad (for X rays)
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fluoroscopy
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ionizing rays for real time vizualization, adv=real time, spot films, observe dynamic changes(placing catheters); disadv=inc radiation in pt and doc, training needed
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computed tomography
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visualization of one cross section w/o superposition, adv=detail, available, replaced exploratory laparotomy, difinive dx; disadv=more ionizing rad, patient cooperation, cost, need iodonated IV or oral contrast media
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contrast media
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IV is always iodonated except in MRI(gadolinium), allergy potential, contrast induced nephropathy in diabetics and renal insufficiency
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MR physics
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H+ in body spin when in magnetic field and create small mag field, H+ aligns with superconducting magnet, direction is changed with radiofreq and then stopped, H+ relax and release E to form image
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MRI adv/disadv
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adv=no ionizing rad, great anatomical info, direct multiplanar imaging, better diff of soft tissue, visualize vessel flow, no contrast media, disadv=cost, pt cooperation, can't use with implated electronic devices or possible metallic fragments, high mag field
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angiography
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vascular system imaged by x ray during intravascular injection of iodonated agents, venograms and arteriograms, adv=great vascular detail, real time or still; disadv=ionizing rad, expensive, inc skill needed, contrast, invasive
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nuclear imaging
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visualize living organs with inj of radioactive isotope that is attached to chem substance in metabolism of cell, emits gamma radiation, adv=small rad, no cont media, whole body scans, first exam for pulmonary embolism, sensitive; disadv=espensive, isotope, high tech, nonspecific
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ultrasound
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sound waves injected and reflected back by organs, adv= inexpensive, available, no rad, portable, real time, blood flow; disadv=highly skilled tech, long exam time, not as clear, degraded by air, bone and metal
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PET scan(positron emission tomography)
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dection of radiation from emission of positrons from radioactive material administered to pt, adv=physiologic and biochem info, cardiac and cerebral disease, oncology, alzheimer's; disadv=high cost, short lived isotopes, ionizing rad, limited availability
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