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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aeshylus
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-playwright
-Prometheus bound -The Orestia (Agamemnon, Libation Bearers (Choephoroi), The Eumenides) -Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides (458 BC) |
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Aesop of Samos?
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-fables
(c. 550 BC) |
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Alcaeus
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-Ship of State
-Lesbos (c. 600 BC) |
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Archilochus of Paros
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-Gods can do whatever they want to humans
-raunchy (c. 680-640 BC) |
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Gorgias
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-Encomium of Helen
-Speech defending Helen (logic: not her fault for being kidnapped) (after 427 BC) |
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Hecataeus
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????
-contemporary of Herodotus? |
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Herodotus
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-The Histories
-rational, scientific, logical -speech, discourse, travels, etc |
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Hesoid
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-Works and Days (didactic=teaching)
-teaches bro how to farm correctly. starts with Prometheus, Pandora, Epimetheus anecdote. |
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Homer
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-The Odyssey (Penelope's Trick, Cyclops, Reunited)
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Pindar
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-Epinician Odes (Victory Odes)
(c. 518-446 BC) |
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Sappho
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-love, yearning
(c. 600 BC) |
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Solon
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-Archon of Athens, 594 BC
-reforms (constitutional, economic, moral, etc.) -liberated slaves -encouraged foreign trade -established power by wealth, not birth -temples on acropolis |
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Sophocles
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-Oedipus the King
-Oedipus at Colonus -Antigone (chorus on man) |
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Thespis
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-inventor of the actor?
-sang dithyrambs |
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Tyrtaeus of Sparta
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-Elegiac Couplets
-men as soldiers (c. 650-600 BC) |
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Sophilos
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Athenian black potter
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Lydos
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Athenian black potter
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Exekias
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Athenian black potter
-most popular? |
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Amasis painter
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Athenian black pottery painter
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Berlin painter
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Red figure painting
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Draco
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-laid down first written constitution of Athens
(c. 625 BC) |
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Peisistratus
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Tyrant (535-510 BC)
-in power three times -built Olympeion (Temple of Zeus) -Panathenaea (panhellenic festival) -competitions in tragedy -official copies of Iliad and Odyssey |
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Cleisthenes
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(510/09 BC)
-reformer -established radical democracy (strong ecclesia/assembly and boule/congress, ostracism/banning, juries of citizens) -overthrew ruler, Alcmeonidae curse -Delphi support says ok, you can rule |
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Alcmeonidae
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-family of tryants (banned, return, oppress, banned, etc)
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Miltiades
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-wealthy family
-tyrants outside of Athens |
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Themistocles
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-led against Persians
-strengthen walls of Athens, Sparta uneasy, ostracized -victory at Salamis |
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Pericles
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-from Aclmeonidae family
-Persian and Peloponnesian wars |
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Ephialtes
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-radical democracy
-assassinated before established -betrayed Sparta by informing Persians during war |
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Darius
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-defeated at marathon (490 BC)
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Xerxes
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-King of Persia, son of Darius
-conqueror -lost at Salamis (480 BC) to Themistocles |
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Leonidas
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-King of Sparta
-died at Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC) -300 soldiers stayed to fight it out |
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Cyrus
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-allied with Spartans?
-emperor of Persia -conquered lots |
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Croesus
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-wealthy
-King of Lydia until defeated by Persians in 547 BC -gifts at Delphi (false interpretations of oracles) |
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Achilles
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-Greek side
-son of Peleus and Thetis -Iliad about his anger |
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Agamemnon
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-Greek side
-Menelaos brother -commander-in-chief |
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Briseis
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-captured by Achilles, Agamemnon steals her
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Chryseis
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-Agamemnon steals her, brings her back to father, steals Achilles' Briseis
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Menelaos
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-Greek side
-brother Agamemnon -wife Helen (taken by Paris/Alexander) |
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Nestor
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-Greek side
-elderly advisor |
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Patroclus
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-Greek side
-Achilles' friend |
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Diomedes
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-Greek side
-allowed to see gods, wounds them |
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Aias (Ajax)
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-Greek side
-fights Hector a lot |
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Hector
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-Trojan side
-son of Priam -brother Paris -wife Andromache -father Astyanax -killed by Achilles, dragged around... |
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Priam
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-Trojan side
-aged King of Troy |
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Andromache
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-Trojan side
-wife of Hector |
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Sarpedon
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-Trojan side
-son of Zeus from Lycia -Zeus wants to save him from death, but cannot go against Destiny |
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Aineas (Aeneas)
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-Trojan side
-mother Aphrodite -survives Troy and founds Rome |
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Aegisthus
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-seduces Clymenestra (Agamemnon's wife) while away at Troy
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Orestes
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-son of Agamemnon and Clymenestra
-avenges, kills mom and lover for killing dad and Cassandra, who sacrificed daughter |
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Electra
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-sister of Orestes
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Odysseus
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-Greek side
-son of Laertes -King of Ithaca -aka Ulysses |
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Polyphemus
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-Cyclops
-tricked by Ulysses |
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Penelope
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-wife of Ulysses
-bed trick |
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Telemachus
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-son of Penelope and Ulysses
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Prometheus
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-stole fire from Zeus
-punishment bound to rock, eagle eats liver |
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Gyges
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-according to Herodotus, master Candaules allows to see wife naked
-she finds out, says kill him to become king or be killed |
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Zeus
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-Iliad neutral
-King of gods |
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Hera
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-Greek side
-wife of Zeus -Queen of Gods |
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Athena
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-Greek side
-daughter of Zeus -goddess of warfare |
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Apollo
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-Trojan side
-god of archery |
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Aphrodite
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-Trojan side
-goddess of love -mother of Aeneas |
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Linear B
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script for writing Mycenean (early Greek)
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alphabet
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-24 letters
-8th or 9th Century BC |
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enjambment
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-break a phrase into two lines
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metis
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cunning, skill
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formula
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oral tradition?
meter? |
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in medias res
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"in the middle of things"
characters flashback, tell stories |
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dactylic hexameter
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heavy Homeric meter
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iambic
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short-long
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Sapphic stanza
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Sappho...
- u - x - u u - u - x - u - x - u u - u - x - u - x - u u - u - x - u u - x |
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elegiac couplet
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- U | - U | - U | - U | - u u | - -
- U | - U | - || - u u | - u u | - Archilochus (war/soldier) |
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strophe
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Archilochus?
basically a stanza, ode for chorus moving with music, right to left |
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antistrophe
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moving opposite
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epode
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third portion of ode, center stage
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triad
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group of three
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trilogy
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three tragedies
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tetralogy
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three tragedies and satyr
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stichomythia
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line by line dialogue
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eccyclema
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roll out machine
(usually to uncover dead body on stage) |
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deus ex machina
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Gods intervene
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ode
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lyrical verse
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episode
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part of whole story
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anagnorisis
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"recognition"
hero recognizes situation |
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tragic
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art:
human suffering for audience to enjoy |
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epic
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-long (oral) poetry
-invocation of muse, long lists, in media res, nations, theme in first line, epithets, speeches, heroes are idolized, divine intervention |
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lyric
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solo=one person
choral=chorus |
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didactic
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teaching
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rhetoric
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speak effectively
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anaphora
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"carrying back"
repeating beginning of phrase for emphasis and rhetoric purposes |
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chiasmus
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kind of criss cross
ABAB -> ABBA |
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rationalized myth
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using myths to describe real life happenings
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kouros/kore
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statues of young men
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black figure
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black figures on red/orange pottery
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red figure
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red figures on black pottery
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Doric order
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simpler
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Ionic order
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scroll-y, decorative
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peripteral temple
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columns spaced so far away from each other
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metope
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picture/free space in frieze
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triglyph
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divides metope (mini column 3 bands wide)
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cella
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main room
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pediment
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triangle on top
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relief sculpture
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3-D attached to wall
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free standing sculpture
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not attached to wall
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frieze
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horizontal band across top, under pediment
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capital
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decoration of column meeting frieze
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orientation
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faces north?
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caryatid
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lady sculpture instead of column
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bronze age=Mycenean
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3000-1200BC
Trojan War (1265 BC) |
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historiography
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how knowledge is attained, through reliable sources, interpretation, etc.
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hoplite
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"armored man"
-phalanx, mostly Spartan |
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phalanx
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shields, spears, weapons in rectangular formation
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polis
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city/city-state, or citizens
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tyrant
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taken power by self, not birth or appointment
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archon
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"ruler"
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democracy
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-select ordinary men to office by appointment
-assembly of men |
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ecclesia
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popular assembly (Solon) anyone over 18 could join
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ostracize
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banned
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Ionia
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Hittites, then pushed out
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Anatolia
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Asia Minor
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Mycenae
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by 1200 BC empire declined, was center of state
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Sardis
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Candaules ruled Sardis
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Apollonius of Rhodes
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Head of Library of Alexandria
wrote Argonautica (Jason, Argonauts, Golden Fleece) |
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Aratus
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Wrote Phaenomena (Appearances)
constellations/astronomy |
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Aristophanes
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"Father of Comedy"
Clouds, Frogs, Babylonians (prosecuted by Cleon bc attacked politicians), Acharnians, Knights, Wasps, Peace, Birds, Lysistrata, Thesmophoriazusae, Ecclesiazusae, Plutus |
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Aristoxenus
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wrote on philosophy, ethics, music
from Tarentum |
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Arrian
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Lucius Flavius Arrianus 'Xenophon'
-philosophy of Epictetus (Anabasis of Alexander, Indica |
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Athenaeus
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rhetoric and grammar
-Deipnosophistae (dinner-table philosophy) |
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Demosthenes
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statesman and orator (writing speeches, lawyer)
-unsuccessful Macedonian revolt |
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Euclid
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mathematician (Father of Geometry)
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Heracleitus
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pre-Socratic philosopher
change central to universe, Logos is fundamental order of all |
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Isocrates
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rhetorician, Attic orator
speech writing, teaching rhet Sophists |
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Marcus Aurelius
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Roman Emperor (161-180)
-war in Asia against Parthians, Germanic tribes into Gaul Stoic philosopher -wrote Meditations |
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Nonnus
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epic poet
Dionysiaca=tale of Dionysus going to India and returning paraphrased Gospel of John |
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Pausanias
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lover of poet Agathon
appears in Plato and Xenophon's Symposiums |
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Plutarch
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Roman historian, biographer, essayist, Middle Platonist
priest, magistrate, ambassador Parallel Lives most famous =biographies famous Greeks and Romans. focuses on influence of character, not so much actual history Moralia=other works |
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Ptolemy
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Greek mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer
Almagest (astonomical) Geogrophy (Greco-Roman world) Tetrabiblos (horoscopic astrology and philosophy) |
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Strabo
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history, geography, philosophy
Geography=information of diff regions in era |
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Theocritus
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created bucolic poetry
Idylls (some mythological situations) The Harvest Feast (lots of philosophers) Epics, Lyrics, all song-lovey |
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Ictinus
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architect (Parthenon w/Callicrates)
Temple of Apollo at Bassae -Doric out, Ionic in, Corinthian column at center rear of cella |
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Callicrates
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architect (Parthenon w/Ictinus)
Temple of Nike in Acropolis |
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Mnesicles
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architect (Propylaea=Periclean gateway to Acropolis)
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Pheidias
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*sculptor, painter, architect
designed statues of Athena and Zeus -commissioned by Pericles |
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Myron
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sculptor (bronze)
famous of athletes |
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Praxiteles
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Attic sculptor
nude female form (life size) relationship with model??? |
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Lysippus
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personal sculptor to Alexander Great
Horses of Saint Mark, Eros Stringing the Bow, Agias, Oil Pourer, Famese Hercules, Apoxyomenos |
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Thales
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pre-Socratic Greek philosopher
-Miletus, Asia Minor -Seven Sages of Greece -first philosopher in Greek tradition? |
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Plato
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philosopher, mentor=Socrates, student=Aristotle
math, phil diologues, founded the Academy *theme: search for certainty in knowledge THE REPUBLIC, SYMPOSIUM |
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Aristotle
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taught Alexander Great
-physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhet, politics, govt, ethics, biology and zoology sciences, formal logic |
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Anaximander
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pre-Socratic Greek philosopher
master=Thales, succeeded him and taught Anaximenes and Pythagoras first to write down phil (science and nature) astronomy, geometry, geography, politics apeiron=unlimited primordial mass, creation, decay, everything |
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Anaximenes
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Air=most basic element
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Pythagoras
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mathematician, rel movement (Pythagoreanism)
"Father of Numbers" |
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Parmenides of Elea
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philosopher
founded Eleatic school of philosophy poem: two views of reality Way of Truth and Way of Opinion |
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Hippias of Elis
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Greek Sophist
colleague of Socrates |
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Empedocles
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pre-Socratic philosopher
origin of cosmogenic theory of four classical elements Love and Strife (mixes and separates elements) reincarnation |
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Leucippus
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founder? of atomism
founded school: Democritus was pupil |
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Democritus
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"The Laughing Philosopher"
matter made up of various imperishable, indivisible elements ATOM |
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Alcibiades
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Athenian statesman, orator, general
from Alcmaeonidae (second half of Peloponnesian War, acted as strategic advisor, military commander, and politician) changed sides a lot. |
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Epaminondas
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Theban general and statesman
-transformed Thebes, anti-Sparta |
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Philip (II) of Macedon
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King of Macedon, assassinated
father of Alexander the Great, Philip III, and Ptolemy I? |
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Alexander the Great
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ancient Greek King of Macedon
successful military commanders, undefeated |
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Olympias
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Epirote princess, 4th wife of Philip II, mother of Alexander
snake cult (aka Myrtale, Mistilis, Polyxena, Stratonice) |
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Darius I
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King of Persia 522-486BC
reign marked by revolt -Babylonia twice -susiana three times -Ionian, defeat at Marathon |
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Darius II
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Originally Ochus: king of Persia 423-404 BC
aka Nothos=bastard little known: rebellion of Medes, dependent on wife Parysatis |
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Parthenon
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temple of Athena
Doric order |
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archaic
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antiquity
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classical
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pertaining to ancient Greek/Roman
literature of high rank |
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Hellenistic
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relating to period after Alexander's death to defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony
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Pergamon Altar
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stone podium, huge
dedicated to Zeus frieze: struggle of gods and giants |
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Venus de Milo
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mistakenly made by Praxiteles
by Alexandros of Antioch? |
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Nike of Samothrace
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Winged Victory of Samothrace
unknown artist of Rhodes erected by Demetrius I Poliorcetes |
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Dying Gaul
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dying Celt, very realistic, refusing fate
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tholos
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dome
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bronze age
Mycenaean Period |
advanced metalworking (copper and tin = bronze alloy)
setting of literature and myth (Homer's epics) |
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historiography
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examine writing of history and use of historical methods
-authorship, sourcing, interpretation, style, bias, audience |
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Delian League
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150 Greek city states under Athens to continue fighting Persia
"avenge wrongs suffered by ravaging the territory of king" |
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homeomeria
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Anaxagoras famously and controversially assumed atoms have same properties of whole substance: water atoms=wet, iron atoms=hard, etc
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Academy
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institution of higher learning
Academia=archaically olive grove dedicated to Athena |
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philosopher king
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hypothetical rulers or Guardians of Plato's Utopian Kallipolis.
philosophers must become kings, kings now must philosophize |
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Form
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Ideas organize matter and make it intelligible. Source of order, unity, identity of objects
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Neoplatonism
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school of religious and mystical philosophy by Plotinus, based on Plato
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Lyceum
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gym outside Athens, Aristotle founded
Peripatetics=meanderers |
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Peripatetics
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=meanderers
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dialectic
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method of argument
diologue b/w two, persuading |
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syllogism
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logical argument: proposition (conclusion) inferred from two others (premises)
deductive reasoning |
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Stoic
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school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium
emotions=error in judgment sage=person of moral and intellectual perfection has no emotions way of life, not words, but actions |
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Epicurean
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Epicurus
materialism, pleasures of life, avoid pain = greatest good |
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oikoumene
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Greek/Roman refers to known inhabited parts of earth
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barbarian
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uncivilized person, inferior
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