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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Problem of Industrialized Nations
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Increased weight control prob
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Dangers of being overweight
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inc CHD
inc Hypertension inc kidney disease |
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overweight vs. overfat
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can be overweight yet fit
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percent of dieters = succesful
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5%
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effects of time on dieting
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100% lose weight initially
most gain it back = dieting doesnt work |
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1 lb = ?? kcal
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3500 kcal - amount to lose one pound
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Set point theory
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body is @ equilibrium
if you lose weight the body tries to get back to normal (set point) note: exercise can change set point |
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problem w/ restriction calories
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you expend less energy
due to idea of survival - body slows down to maintain calories |
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effects of exercise intensity on hunger
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sedentary = more hungry than w/ moderate exercise
but w/ very high - hunger is the highest |
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effect of age on weight control
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older = harder to control
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ergogenic aid definition
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any substance (ate, drank or applied) or procedure that might improve performance
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the basic erogenic aid
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eating / drinking properly
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hawthorn effect
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if someone knows they are being studied, the will act differently
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requirements for a placebo drug
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must look, feel, and taste the same
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double blind study
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both groups dont know if they are getting the drug
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alkaline salts
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anti-acid buffer - blood pH
eg) bicarbonate fix (raise) the pH useful for brief high intensity exercise more useful in untrained |
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analgesics
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pain suppression
eg aspirin plus blocks ffa release thus reducing energy from fat (bad for endurance) problems: masks pain / makes injury worse |
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caffeine
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improves FFA utilization thus spares musce glycogen
may reduce fatigues perception implications: impairs myocardiac circulation |
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carb loading
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stages
1 - deplete - one week priort to competition - run hard/ eat no carbs 2 load carbs - eat carbs increase glycogen |
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protein loading
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not effective to gain mass
potential hazard |
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anabolic steroids
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increase muscle mass
developed to be used in AIDS for atrophy effects = short term prob: inc in cardiovas disease, prostate canceer, anger and decrease in connective tissure strength and growth plates close |
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creatine
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floor vs. ceiling effect
benefits - cp used for energy inc muscle strenght prob - dehydration kidney overload |
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ephedra
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sympothorinetic drug
-mimics sympathetic nervous system stimulates heart - beats faster use in weight control - increase RMR no ergogenic effect |
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androstenedione (andro)
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inc testosterone to inc muscle strength
not sure of effectiveness |
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growth hormone
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no scientifi evidence of benefit
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blood doping
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take blood out - rebuild and reinject
more plasma and more rbc |
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erythropoinetin
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inc rede blood cells - helps endurance
health issues - blood clotting because is too thick |
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ineffective aids
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co q10
tea peppermint alcohol amino acids ginseng arginine ribose beta blockers shtp hmb ala chromium |
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biomechanics definition
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the study of physical principles applied to biological systems
eg sport biomechanics - improve perf rehab padding/prevention/protection muscle/ tissue mechanics |
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rules of biomechanics = laws of motion
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law of inertia
law of acceleration law of reaction/action |
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law of inertia
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body @ rest or in motion will continue unless acted on by force
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law of acceleration
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objects accelerate in relation to force F = ma
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law of action/reaction
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for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
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center of mass
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location where body mass is in balance
changes w/ change in postion |
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kinematics def
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temporal and spatial components of movement
displacement velocity = displacemtn / time acceleration = velocity /time |
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kinetics def
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forces during movement
external = head internal = bone on bone |
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tools used in biomechanics
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electrogoniometer - records joint angles
plethysmograph computerized video analysis |
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running movement
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linear vs. rotational movement
converting rotation to linear |
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stride cycle
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swing phase - foot off ground
support phase - foot on ground --heel strike - foot/ground contact |
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description of running speed
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stride length - length of one strke - heel strike to heel strike
stride frequency - strides/sec speed = stride length x frequency |
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different kind of foot strike
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rear foot strike
mid foot striker - land on middle and slight rock back |
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cetner of pressure measurements - use
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diabetic stuff
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running economy
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minimize vertical COM bobbing up and down - GOOD
braking action - occcurs if foot hits ground ahead of COM |
