Intro To Ecology

Front 1

Competitive exclusion

Back 1

a possible outcome of competition, one species completely wipes out another

Front 2

Coexistence

Back 2

possible outcome of competition
requires that the two species diverge in their niche

Front 3

Red queen hypothesis

Back 3

For an evolutionary system, continuing development is needed just in order to maintain its fitness relative to the systems it is co-evolving with.
a prey species evolves and its predator species coevolves to keep up; fitness of either species is not increasing

Front 4

parasites succeed in manipulating their hosts by

Back 4

destroying host reproductive tissues
destroying host neural tissues
inducing alternate host behaviors through hormones

Front 5

an example of obligate mutualism

Back 5

Lichens; between a fungus and an algae

Front 6

Beltian bodies

Back 6

structures found on the leaves of some Acacia, rich in lipids and proteins
symbiotic relationship with ants, keep herbivores away

Front 7

Mutualism

Back 7

both species interact for mutual benefit
may be obligate or facultative
can turn into parasitism if one species gains advantage

Front 8

Mullerian mimicry

Back 8

noxious species resemble each other
involves aposematic coloration; warning colorations

Front 9

Batesian mimicry

Back 9

palatable species resembles noxious species

Front 10

What are three types of mimicry?

Back 10

Batesian (harmless posing as noxious)
Mullerian (noxious posing as another noxious)
Mertensian (deadly prey mimic a less dangerous species)

Front 11

Mertensian mimicry

Back 11

deadly prey mimic a less dangerous species

Front 12

Mimicry

Back 12

two or more species are physically or behaviorally similar due to advantages of similar appearance
results from convergent evolution

Front 13

Four types of body temperature maintenance

Back 13

ectothermic poikilotherm
endothermic poikilotherm
ectothermic homeotherm
endothermic homeotherm

Front 14

Poikilotherm

Back 14

an animal whose internal temperature varies along with that of the ambient environmental temperature

Front 15

Homeotherm

Back 15

maintains body temperature at a roughly constant level, regardless of the ambient temperature

Front 16

Ectothermic

Back 16

rely on external heat, passive body temperature maintenance

Front 17

Endothermic

Back 17

rely on internal heat, active body temperature maintenance

Front 18

World's biomes (9)

Back 18

1. Desert
2. Boreal forest
3. Temperate grassland
4. Tropical forest
5. Tundra
6. Savanna
7. Temperate forest
8. Mountains
9. Scrub

Front 19

Biome

Back 19

a large geographic area described by temperature, water, other abiotic gradients, plant and animal distributions

Front 20

Differences between resources and conditions

Back 20

resources can be used up, conditions cannot
resources: mates, food, nesting sites, waterholes
condition can become a resource if it is localized

Front 21

Shelford's law of tolerance

Back 21

the distribution of a species will be controlled by that environmental factor for which the species has the narrowest range of tolerance

Front 22

Abiotic factors

Back 22

water, temperature, pH, salinity, mineral concentration, current flow
affect where organisms can and cannot live