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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the dynasties that China went though up to 220 AD. |
Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han |
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Who was the man who recorded the history of China? What was his book called?
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Sima Quian; The Records of the Historian |
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What was the impact of the Qin dynasty?
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-Unification of China (221 BC)
-Standardize writing, measurements, axle length -Destruction of 100 schools -Set governmental precedence for China |
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Who was the militaristic emperor who expanded much of China's territory into Central Asia & North Korea?
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Emperor Wudi (6th emperor of the Han dynasty)
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What was the official "religion" of the Qin dynasty?
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Legalism
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Name the main points of Legalism
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-Military power
-reject the past -big government -absolute laws; no exceptions to the law; no mercy -mutual spying/generation punishment |
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What was the official "religion" of the Han dynasty?
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Originally nothing, then Confucianism.
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Why were Confucian scholars more useful to the Han dynasty than other scholars?
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1) They were already literate 2) Confucianism stressed loyalty to the ruler 3) They were from a variety of different classes
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What was the name of the First Emperor?
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Huang Di
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What was the name of the founder of the Han dynasty?
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Liu Bang
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Who were the two "founders" of legalism?
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Lord Shang; Han Feizi
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Who believed that there can be no crime because laws are so absolute people follow them automatically?
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Han Feizi
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Who was Confucius's critic?
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Mozi
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Who believed in universal love?
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Mozi
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Who defended Confucius and fleshed out his ideas on government and the mandate of heaven?
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Mencius
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Who believed in the dynastic cycle? How often was it believed to change?
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Mencius; 500 years
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Name the top 3 schools of thought in China by the beginning of the Han dynasty.
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Daoism, Legalism, & Confucianism
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Who believed that reality was only was an illusion? What was his metaphor?
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Zhuangzi; the butterfly dream
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Define wu wei.
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do nothing, don't go against nature, the government must be a "shadowy presence"
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Who was a Daoist who advocated governmental reforms to make the government less involved in people's lives?
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Laozi
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What was a major contributor to Chinese medicine? What were the top to elements of it?
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Daoism; Yin & Yang must be in balance
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What was the life force called?
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Qi
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What ancient book documented the kingdom of Lu?
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Spring and Autumn Annals
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What ancient book was a book fortune telling?
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Yi Jing/Book of Changes
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What ancient book was the only book that contained mentions of everyday life?
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Shi Jing/Book of Songs/Book of Poetry
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What ancient book contained the rituals for the Zhou court?
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Li Ji/Book of Rites
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What book documented the history of China, beginning with the first dynasty?
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Shu Jing/Book of Documents
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What are the characteristics of Yin?
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female, earthly, passive, dark, cold
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What are the characteristics of Yang?
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male, heavenly, active, bright, hot
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What were used for fortune telling during the Shang dynasty?
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oracle bones
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To whom did oracle bones address their questions?
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Heaven, or male ancestors of the king
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Define ideogram.
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a pictorial representation of an idea
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Define logographic
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combination of rhyming patterns w/ symbols
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What kind of soil is in the Yellow River?
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loess soil
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Why is loess soil so important?
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It was soft, therefore it was easy to till with stone tools. It led to the early development of agriculture in China.
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What is the black pottery culture associated with?
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Xia dynasty
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What gives the ruler the right to rule?
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The mandate of heaven
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What was the system of government before the Qin dynasty?
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feudal system
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Who is thought to be the ancestor of modern Chinese?
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Peking Man
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During the Bronze age, what was bronze usually used for?
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Ritual objects & money
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Who overthrew the Xia Dynasty?
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Shang
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Who overthrew the Shang Dynasty?
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Zhou
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Which dynasty was divided into two periods? What were they?
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Zhou, the Eastern Zhou, and the Western Zhou, also the Spring and Autumn period, Warring States period
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Who overthrew the Zhou?
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Qin
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Who were the barbarians that the Qin and Han dynasties tried to keep out?
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Xiongnu
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What was the benefit of the Iron Age?
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There is lots of iron ore in China, therefore it was easily accessable. Also, the iron tools kept soil fertile, and thus made a boom in agriculture and then a boom in population.
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What bloomed in the Eastern Zhou period?
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100 schools of thought
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Name the main ideas of Confucianism.
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-gvt is moral
-ruler unifies heaven, earth, and man -the golden age of the past was the early Zhou, we should follow their examples -Book of Rites -family heirarchy -study of the past |
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What was the book of Confucius?
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Annalex of Confucius
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What were laws based on in Confucianism?
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the family heirarchy; gvt rarely involved in family life; man respected if shield parents who have committed crimes
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What was Laozi's book?
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Dao de Jing
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Name the key ideas of Daoism
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-hermit tradition
-leave things as they are; natural states -mystical principle of dao -the sage king does nothing -natural, primitive government -words useless, use symbols instead |
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What did Laozi think of Confucious?
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he believed he over-comlicated society
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How did the Wudi colonize outer regions of China?
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He forced farmers to move there.
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Who overthrew the Qin?
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Han
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What did the Qin dynasty do to assure power?
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-Burned books & killed scholars to keep out different ideas
-Stripped power from all the nobles and kill them |
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What is the law of avoidance?
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no man can work as an official in his own provence, he must move around to different places
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What was the great wall originally made out of?
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pounded earth
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Who opened the Silk Road?
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Wudi
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Where did Wudi expand China into?
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Central Asia & North Korea
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How did Wudi pay for his military conquests?
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monopolies by government and taxes
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Who brought China into contact with the Helenistic societies?
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Wudi
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What "religion" was the basis of governmental positions?
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Confucianism
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What was invented in the late Han?
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paper
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Who set the standard for writing dynastic histories?
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Sima Qian
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When was the first dictionary created?
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Han dynasty
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