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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what causes most congenital malformations of the heart?
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multifactorial inheritance
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what causes Williams Syndrome? what is the heart defect associated with it?
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- a defect in the fibrillin gene located on chromosome 7
- supravalvular aortic stenosis |
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what congenital heart problems are especially common in congenital rubella?
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- PDA
- pulmonary stenosis |
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what heart problems are infants of diabetic mothers at a very increased risk for?
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transposition of the great vessels
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what is Ebstein anomaly?
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apical displacement of the tricuspid valve associated with mothers who take lithium during pregnancy
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what is the most common heart defect in babies with fetal alcohol syndrome?
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atrial septal defect
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when does the heart form during development?
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5th to 8th week
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what is the most common form of congenital heart disease in Down syndrome? what causes it?
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- a single atrioventricular valve
- there is a insult to the endocardial cushion |
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what 2 things cause pulmonary vascular pressure to decrease after birth?
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- replacement of alveolar fluid by air
- vasodilation of the pulmonary arteries due to bradykinin stimulation |
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what are the normal systolic/diastolic pressures in the right ventricle?
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20/0
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what are the normal systolic/diastolic pressures in the vena cava and right atrium?
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2/0
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what is the normal systolic/diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery?
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20/10
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what is the normal systolic/diastolic pressure in the pulmonary vein/left atrium?
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4/0
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what is the normal systolic/diastolic pressure in the left ventricle?
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100/3
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what is the normal systolic/diastolic pressure in the aorta?
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100/60
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in an atrial septal defect what part of the cardiac cycle is there shunting?
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diastole
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what is eisenmenger's syndrome? what causes it?
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- a reversal of a left to right shunt to a right to left shunt
- this occurs in uncorrected ASD, VSD, and PDA which cause compensatory right heart hypertrophy |
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during what part of the cardiac cycle does shunting occur in a ventricular septal defect?
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systole
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what are the 2 types of coarctation of the aorta?
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- infantile
- adult |
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where is the coarctation of the aorta in the infantile type?
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proximal to the ductus arteriosus
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where is the coarctation of the aorta in the adult type?
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distal to the insertion of the ductus arteriosus
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why do you get hypertension with coarctation of the aorta?
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the renal arteries are under perfused which causes the JG apparatus to activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and retain more fluid = hypertension
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what are the 3 most common cyanotic congenital heart defects?
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- tetrology of fallot
- transposition of the great vessels - tricuspid atresia |
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what is the most common type of cyanotic heart disease?
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tetrology of fallot
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what are the 4 defects in tetrology of fallot?
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- VSD
- pulmonary stenosis - overriding aorta - right ventricular hypertrophy |
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what will a patient with tetrology of fallot do to improve their symptoms?
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squat
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what causes transposition of the great vessels?
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due of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral during development
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what is the definition of cyanosis?
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a physical sign defined by 5 grams of deoxygenated Hb/dL in the capillary blood
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what is acrocyanosis?
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the physical appearance of cyanosis without the actual decrease in Hb saturation
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can we see acrocyanosis in normal people?
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yes, this is what occurs when you go outside in the cold and you extremities turn blue
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