Intro To Communication

Front 1

Listening

Back 1

A complex process that consists of being mindful, hearing, selecting and organizing information, interpreting communication, responding, and remembering.

Front 2

Being Mindful. - Mindfulness

Back 2

(The concept of being fully present in the moment.) Controlling thought and concerns to focus on what is going on in the present moment.
(1st of 7 in Listening Process)

Front 3

Physically receive communication

Back 3

Hear, See, etc. (2nd of 7 in Listening Process)

Front 4

Select - Selective Listening

Back 4

We select what we pay attention to.
(3rd of 7 in Listening Process)
Selective Listening- Focusing only on selected parts of communication; e.g., screening out parts of a message that don't interest us or with which we disagree, or riveting our attention on parts of communication that interest us or with which we agree.

Front 5

Organize

Back 5

Cognitive Schemata =(Mental structures people use to organize and interpret experience.) Prototypes, Personal Constructs, Stereotypes, Scripts.
(4th of 7 in Listening Process)

Front 6

Interpret

Back 6

Explain to others what we have organized.
(5th of 7 in Listening Process)

Front 7

Respond- Responding

Back 7

(Symbolizing interest in what is being said)
Nonverbal: Head nod, Eye contact
Verbal: Ask questions
(6th of 7 in Listening Process)

Front 8

Remembering

Back 8

External aids = Take notes.
Conscious Repetition = Repeat over and over.
Mnemonic Devices = PEMDASally (Please excuse my dear aunt Sally)
Organize information into categories
Elaboration = Create a story to help remember.
(7th of 7 in Listening Process)

Front 9

Content Listening

Back 9

1. Be Mindful
2. Control Obstacles - Phone, etc.
3. Ask Questions
4. Remember - Create Patterns
Personal Relationships

Front 10

Relationship Listening

Back 10

1. Be Mindful
2. Suspend Judgement- (Person becomes defensive)
3. Use Minimal Encouragers -Brief interjections to prompt another person to talk.
4. Paraphrase
5. Ask Questions
6. Express Support without evaluating.

Front 11

Minimal Encouragers

Back 11

Brief interjections to prompt another person to talk. (under Relationship Listening)

Front 12

Paraphrasing

Back 12

A method of clarifying another's meaning by reflecting one's interpretation of the other's communication back to that person.
(under Relationship Listening)

Front 13

Prejudgment

Back 13

Judging others or their ideas before one has heard them.

Front 14

Ambushing

Back 14

Listening carefully to a speaker in order to attack her or him.

Front 15

Message Overload

Back 15

The receiving of more messages than we can interpret, evaluate, and remember; can interfere with effective listening.

Front 16

Message Complexity

Back 16

The amount of detailed information or intricate reasoning in a message; can interfere with effective listening.

Front 17

Communication Climate

Back 17

The overall feeling, or emotional mood, between people

Front 18

Levels of Confirmation

Back 18

1. Recognition - Confirming that another person exists.
2. Acknowledgment - Responding to a person's feelings and thoughts.
3. Endorsement - Accepting a person's thoughts and feelings as valid.
(We want to feel valued and confirmed. We are hard-wired to imitate people we like.)

Front 19

Overt Conflict

Back 19

Conflict expressed directly and in a straightforward manner.
(Notes)- People express differences in a straight forward manner.
(1 of 2 Conflict Approaches)

Front 20

Covert Conflict

Back 20

Conflict that is expressed indirectly; generally more difficult to manage constructively than overt conflict. (Notes)- People camouflage disagreement and express it indirectly.
(1 of 2 Conflict Approaches)

Front 21

Conflict Orientations

Back 21

1. Win-Lose: One person wins and the other person loses.
2. Lose-Lose: Conflict results in losses for everyone.
3. Win-Win: Find ways to resolve differences so everyone wins.

Front 22

Bracketing

Back 22

Identifying and setting aside for later discussion the issues peripheral to a current conflict.
(Notes)- Hold off discussing peripheral issues of a conflict for discussion at a later time. (Time conflict effectively.)

Front 23

Culture

Back 23

The beliefs, understandings, practices, and ways of interpreting experience that are shared by a group of people.
(Notes)- System of ideas, values, beliefs, and customs that are communicated to one generation to the next, sustaining a particular way of life.

Front 24

Co-Cultures

Back 24

Group of people who live in a dominant culture, but who also identify with another culture that co-exists in society. Examples: Gender, Ethnicity, Social class, Religion

Front 25

Standpoint Theory

Back 25

A theory that holds that a culture includes a number of social groups that differently shape the perceptions, identities, and opportunities of members of those groups.
(Notes)- Our experiences as members of particular social groups shape the way we perceive the world.

Front 26

Ethnocentrism

Back 26

The tendency to assume that one way of life is normal and superior to other ways of life.
(Notes)- Tendency to regard ourselves and our way of life as superior to others

Front 27

Generalized Other

Back 27

The perspective that represents one's perception of the rules, roles, and attitudes endorsed by one's group or community.
(Notes)- Collection of roles, rules, norms, and attitudes endorsed by one's social groups or community.

Front 28

Particular Others

Back 28

Specific people who are significant to the self and who influence the self's values, perspectives, and esteem.
(Notes)- Specific people who are especially significant to us and who shape how we see ourselves (Mothers, Fathers, Siblings, Peers, etc).

Front 29

Reflected Appraisals

Back 29

The image and estimate of ourselves that others communicate to us.
(Notes)- The image and estimate of ourselves that others communicate to us.

Front 30

Social Comparisons

Back 30

Comparing ourselves with others to form judgments of our talents, abilities, qualities, and so forth.
(Notes)- Comparing ourselves with others to form judgments of our talents, abilities, qualities and so forth.

Front 31

Attachment Styles

Back 31

The pattern of interaction between child and primary caregiver that teaches the child who he or she is, who others are, and how to approach relationships. Four attachment styles have been identified: anxious/ambivalent, dismissive, fearful, and secure.
(Notes)- Patterns of parenting that teach us how to new personal relationships and ourselves.

Front 32

Secure Attachment Styles

Back 32

One of the four styles of attachment; A style fostered by a caregiver who communicates with an infant in consistently loving and attentive ways and which inclines people to view themselves and others as worthy and to be comfortable both alone and in intimate relationships.
(Notes)- Loving and attentive caregiver influences child; Child grows up to be that kind of adult.

Front 33

Fearful Attachment Style

Back 33

One of the four styles of attachment; characterized by the perception of self as unworthy of love; fostered by dismissive, rejecting, or abusive treatment by a caregiver.
(Notes)- Negative caregiver; Sometimes abusive; Makes child have low-self esteem, which grows into insecure relationships as adults.

Front 34

Dismissive Attachment Style

Back 34

One of the four attachment styles; characterized by a view of others as unworthy of love and the self as adequate yet removed from intimate relationships; fostered by disinterested, rejecting, or abusive treatment by a caregiver.
(Notes)- Negative caregiver; Sometimes abusive; Dismisses others as unworthy; Child does not have low-self esteem, but grows into adult having a low regard for others and relationships.

Front 35

Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment Style

Back 35

One of the four styles of attachment; a style, characterized by preoccupation with relationships, in which intimacy is both wanted and feared. It is fostered by inconsistent treatment from a caregiver.
(Notes)- Inconsistent treatment from the caregiver; Caregiver usually alcoholic or drug user; loving when not high, but abusive when high; As adults, will act inconsistently; will want a relationship, but getting into too close of a relationship makes them uneasy.

Front 36

Self-Fulfilling Prophesy

Back 36

Acting in ways that bring about others' or our own expectations or judgments of ourselves.
(Notes)- We act in ways that bring about the expectations or judgments offered about us from others.

Front 37

Self-Sabotage

Back 37

Self-talk that communicates that we are no good, that we can't do something, that we can't change, and so forth; undermines belief in ourselves and motivation to change and grow.

Front 38

Relationship Culture

Back 38

A private world of rules, understandings, and patterns of acting and interpreting that partners create to give meaning to their relationship; the nucleus of intimacy.
(Notes)- System of rules, patterns of acting and interpreting that partners create to give meaning to their relationship.

Front 39

Relationship Dialectics

Back 39

The tensions between opposing forces or tendencies that are normal parts of all relationships: autonomy/connection, novelty/predictability, and openness/closedness

Front 40

Autonomy/Connection

Back 40

One of three relationship dialectics; the tension between the need for personal autonomy, or independence, and connection, or intimacy.
(Notes)- Tension between the desire to be separate and the desire to be connected.

Front 41

Novelty/Predictability

Back 41

One of the three relationship dialectics; the tension between the desire for spontaneous, new experiences, and the desire for routines and familiar experiences.
(Notes)- Tension between the desire for familiar routines and the desire for novelty.

Front 42

Open/Closed

Back 42

One of three relationship dialectics; the tension between the desire to share private thoughts, feelings, and experiences with intimates and the desire to preserve personal privacy.
(Notes)- Tension between the desire to be open and the desire to maintain privacy.

Front 43

Romantic Relationship Stages

Back 43

Escalating = Falling in love
Invitational stage- Social conversations (scripts).
Exploration stage - Announce identity, self disclosure. (Usually happens on a date).
Intensifying- Euphoria, further self disclosure, nicknames and codes formed. (code="That's our song")
Revising- Discussion of problems and strengths.

Front 44

Navigating

Back 44

Commitment - Decision to stay together despite troubles, disappointments, and lulls in emotional depth.
On Test- "Commitment is formed through investments".