Intro To Chemistry - Chapter 2

Front 1

Define Scientific Notation.

Back 1

Scientific Notation expresses a number as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and the appropriate power of 10.

Front 2

What is the easiest way to determine the power of 10?

Back 2

count the number of places the decimal place must move to have a decimal between 1 and 10.

Left is Positive. LIP
Right is negative - RIN

Front 3

What are the two most widely used measuring systems?

Back 3

English and Metric.

Front 4

Which measuring system is poreferred for scientific work?

Back 4

Metric

Front 5

What is SI (Measuring system)?

Back 5

The International system - 1960 an international agrrement developed this system of units, based on Metric system.

Front 6

Define these units:

M

Back 6

Mega

1,000,000

or


10 to the 6th

Front 7

Define these units:

c

Back 7

centi


.01 or 10 tot he -2

Front 8

Define these units:

d

Back 8

deci


.1 or 10 to the -1

Front 9

Define these units:

k

Back 9

Kilo

1,000


or 10 to the 3rd

Front 10

Define these units:

m

Back 10

milli


.001 or 10 to the -3

Front 11

Define these units:

n

Back 11

nano

.000000001 or 10 to the -9

Front 12

Define these units:

u

Back 12

micro


.000001 or 10 to the -6

Front 13

Mass is measured in what unit?

Back 13

kilogram kg

Front 14

Length is measured in what unit?

Back 14

meter m

Front 15

Time is measured in what unit?

Back 15

second s

Front 16

Temperature is measured in what unit?

Back 16

Kelvin K

Front 17

What is Volume?

Back 17

the amount of 3 dimensional space occupied by a substance.

Front 18

What is Mass?

Back 18

the quantity of matter present in an object.

Front 19

What is density?

Back 19

the amount of matter present in a given volume of substance.

= mass/volume

Front 20

What is measurement uncertainty?

Back 20

This occurs on the smallest digit, estimating its worth.

Front 21

When considering uncertain measurements, custom dictates that we document ___________.

Back 21

all certain digits and the first uncertain digit

Front 22

Uncertain digits are assumed to be accurate _____________ unless indicated otherwise.

Back 22

+ or - 1

Front 23

What are the three rules for counting significant figures?

Back 23

Non-zero integers.
Zeroes.
Exact numbers.

Front 24

What are the rules for counting significant figures for non-Zero integers?

Back 24

Always count as significant figures.

Front 25

What are the rules for counting significant figures of exact numbers?

Back 25

Unlimited number of significant figures.

Front 26

What are the rules for counting significant figures of Zeros?

Back 26

1. Leading zeros - never count
2. Captive Zeros - Always count
3. Trailing zeros - count only if number has a decimal point.

Front 27

How do you determine the significant figures in Addition and subtraction?

Back 27

the limiting term is the one with the smallest number of decimal places.

Front 28

What is a conversion factor?

Back 28

a ratio of the 2 parts of the statements that relates the 2 units.

An equivalence statement.

Front 29

How do you determine the significant figures in multiplicaiton or division?

Back 29

The result has the same number of significant figures as the smallest numbers.

This is limiting, in that the smallest number limits the number of sig figures.

Front 30

How do we choose a conversion factor?

Back 30

We select the one that will cancel out all units except the one we want to be left with.

Front 31

What are the 2 advantages of scientific notation?

Back 31

1. The # of sig figures can be determined easily

2. fewer numbers needed to indicate large and small numebrs.

Front 32

What is dimensional Analysis?

Back 32

Changing from one unit to another by use of conversion factors.

Front 33

Identify the following for the celsius scale:
1. Who uses
2. boiling temp
3. freezing temp
4. normal body temp.

Back 33

1. Canada and Europe
2. 100
3. 0
4. 37

Front 34

Identify the following for the farenheit scale:
1. Who uses
2. boiling temp
3. freezing temp
4. normal body temp.

Back 34

1. US and Great britain
2. 212
3. 32
4. 98.6

Front 35

Identify the following for the kelvin scale:
1. Who uses
2. boiling temp
3. freezing temp
4. normal body temp.

Back 35

1. Science
2. 373 k
3. 273 k
4. 310

Front 36

How does farenheit scale differ from both the celsius and kelvin scales?

Back 36

Farenheit scale has smaller degrees. Note from freezing to boiling for C and K is 100 degrees, but 180 for f.

All three scales have different 0 points.

Front 37

How do you convert between Kelvin and Celsius?

Back 37

Temp in C = Temp in K - 273
or
Temp in K = Temp in C + 273

Front 38

How do you convert between Farenheit and Celsius?

Back 38

Temp of f = 1.8 x (temp of C) + 32.

Temp of C = Temp of F - 32 / 1.8

Front 39

What is specific gravity

Back 39

- the ratio of the density of a given liquid to the density of water at 4 degrees C.

Because it is a ratio of densities, specific gravities has no units.