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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the Ancient World, Medicine was a mixture of what three things?
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1. Empirical experience
2. Magic 3. Religion |
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There are reports of sutures made of what material in Egypt 4000 years ago?
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Sutures made of LINEN!
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What is the Rig Veda? What story does it tell?
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One of the 4 sacred Sanskrit books of Ancient India that tells the story of a Warrior Queen, Vishpla, who lost a leg in battle and was fitted with an iron replacement leg.
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What is the name of 1 of the 4 sacred Sanskrit books of Ancient India that tells the story of a Warrior Queen, Vishpla, and her iron replacement leg?
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Rig Veda!
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Mentioned in lecture, what are three herbal medicines and their uses?
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1. Snakeroot - lowers blood pressure
2. Foxglove - treating dropsy and as heart stimulant 3. Curare - muscle relaxant |
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What is Ayurveda?
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An ancient Indian herbal medicine system originating in Atharvaveda cerca 1500-1200 BC
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What is the ancient Indian herbal medicine system called?
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Ayurveda
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Papyrus found in Egypt dating back to 1700 BC describes what?
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Surgical procedures!
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Another papyrus from 1500 BC lists hundreds of what?
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Cures ranging from croc-bites to constipation!
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Who is the Father of Indian Surgery?
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Susruta!
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Who was Susruta?
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Ancient Indian "doctor" who wrote a text called Susrutasamhita and identified 1120 diseases and 720 medicinal drugs
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Besides identifying 1120 diseases and 720 medicinal drugs, Susruta also described what two things for surgeons?
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20 sharp and 101 blunt instruments
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Susruta also described a procedure of reconstructing what? Using what?
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Reconstructing a nose using a vascularized flap
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What is the Susrutasamhita?
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It was basically a "rulebook" about cleanliness and religious matters for doctors and surgeons at the time
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What are 5 "rules" mentioned in the Susrutasamhita?
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1. Surgeons must keep nails short and dress in white
2. Operations done on auspicious days and preceded by religious ceremonies and prayer by the surgeon 3. ORs were cleaned and fumigated with mustard and neem leaves 4. Affected areas were shaved 5. Sutures were made of cotton, leather strips, horse hair, animal tendons and vegetable fibers |
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As described in the Susrutasamhita, what 5 things were used as sutures?
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1. Cotton strips
2. Leather strips 3. Horse hair 4. animal tendons 5. Vegetable fibers |
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As described in the Susrutasamhita, operating rooms were to be cleaned and fumigated with fumes of what two things?
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1. Mustard
2. Neem leaves |
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Who was Hippocrates?
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He was a Greek who taught and practiced medicine on the Greek island Kos.
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Hippocrates introduced WHAT into medicine?
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The SPIRIT of SCIENCE
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Hippocrates believed disease was not due to supernatural but was what instead?
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A natural process
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Hippocrates believed that the body possesses its own means to fight disease and that the physician's job is to do what?
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Assist these natural processes!
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Who was Galen?
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Galen was the appointed chief physician to the gladiators in Peragamum.
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What is one belief that Galen dispelled?
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The belief that arteries carry air to the various parts of the body
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After the collapse of the Roman empire, what became the repository of knowledge?
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The Christian Church!
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Galen's texts became WHAT after the fall of the Roman empire?
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The BIBLE of MEDICINE
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During the Dark Ages, what happened to Galen's texts?
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They were collected by the Church
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What is Germ Theory?
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Microorganisms cause infectious diseases
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Who was John Snow?
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John Snow was a man who plotted Cholera cases in London and from there determined a central place of infection - a water pump
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Who helped develop Germ Theory?
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Louis Pasteur
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By the mid-19th Century, what accounted for the death of almost half the patients who underwent major surgery?
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Post-operative Sepsis Infections!
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Who was Joseph Lister?
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He was an English surgeon who began soaking his surgical dressings in carbolic acid to help prevent sepsis infections
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Before the discovery of antisepsis by Lister, about how many of surgical patients contracted gangrene?
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80%
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Although Germany and several countries followed Lister's procedure of sterilization, what two countries were still in opposition to his "germ theory"?
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England and America!
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What was the turning point for England and America to finally accept Lister's sterilization methods?
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When Lister performed a knee operation that often resulted in infection and death with success!
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The Genome Project could mean future what?
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Individualized medicine techniques!
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What is Biomedical Engineering?
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BME is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology.
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What two things does NIH mean?
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1. National Institutes of Health
2. Not Invented Here |
