Intro To Art Test 3 Vocabulary

Front 1

Relief

Back 1

3 dimensional image or design whose flat background surface is carved away to a certain depth

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Low relief

Back 2

barely projects above the plane

Front 3

High relief

Back 3

barely attached to the plane

Front 4

Sunken relief

Back 4

the image is modeled below the original surface of the background which is not cut away

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Sculpture in the round

Back 5

3 dimensional sculpture that is carved free of any attaching background or block

Front 6

Carving

Back 6

reductive technique (removing of material)

Front 7

Modeling

Back 7

additive technique (material attached)

Front 8

Cire Perdu

Back 8

"Lost Wax Casting"; a casting technique in which the model is first made with wax, which is then enclosed in a clay and plaster mold. The wax is melted through a vent and molten material-usually bronze-is run in to replace it. To cast a hollow object, it is necessary to insert a core of burnt clay, so the wax occupies the thin surrounding space between the core and the mold

Front 9

Frontality

Back 9

In sculpture, a figure in a symmetrical pose facing the front; a pose used for beings of eternity

Front 10

contrapposto

Back 10

a way of representing the various parts of the body so that they are obliquely balanced around a center axis. Natural action pose of the human figure as it is walking, especially in sculpture.

Front 11

Appropriation/assemblage

Back 11

artwork created by gathering and manipulating 2 or more 3D objects

Front 12

Readymade

Back 12

everyday object selected and designated as art

Front 13

Site-specific

Back 13

Sculpture which is designed for one specific location. The place is recreated by the sculpture which uses the environment as one of its features.

Front 14

Earthworks

Back 14

is a form of art created in nature that uses natural materials such as stones, leaves, or soil.

Front 15

Kinetic art

Back 15

art which incorporates an element of mechanical or random movement, or which gives the illusion of movement by the use of optical techniques

Front 16

Mobile

Back 16

a kinetic sculpture constructed of moving parts, hanging or standing, which can be either wind-driven or mechanically powered.

Front 17

Architecture

Back 17

term has been applied to the enclosure of spaces with at least some aesthetic intent.

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Beams

Back 18

a long piece of wood or steel used in construction.

Front 19

Blocks

Back 19

a 3D mass of stone or other solid material (such as brick), normally in rectangular form used in construction.

Front 20

Post-and-lintel

Back 20

A system of construction (with beams) in which a minimum of two vertical beams (posts) support others which are horizontally laid across the top (lintel)

Front 21

Hypostyle hall

Back 21

vast hall filled by numerous rows of tall, closely spaced columns

Front 22

Column

Back 22

an architectural element used for support and/or decoration. Consists of a rounded or polygonal vertical shaft placed on a base topped by a larger, usually decorative, capital.

Front 23

Doric

Back 23

rounded shaft, either fluted or smooth; NO base; Capital consists of a flat, squared slab (abacus), and a circular cushion like element below it (echinus)

Front 24

Ionic

Back 24

Fluted shaft with base; the capital is decorated with volutes (a spiral scroll)

Front 25

Corinthian

Back 25

Most ornate of the orders; fluted shaft with base; bell-shaped capital elaborately decorated with acanthus leaf carvings, rosettes, and occasionally volutes

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Tuscan

Back 26

Variation of the Doric; smooth shaft with base

Front 27

Composite

Back 27

Combination of the Ionic and Corinthian; capital combines the acanthus leaves with the volutes.

Front 28

Arch

Back 28

a curved construction of brick or stone which spans an opening above a room or doorway, with wedge-shaped blocks held in place by their pressure against each other and by buttressing.

Front 29

Arcade

Back 29

a series of arches

Front 30

Vault

Back 30

arched masonry structure that spans an interior space

Front 31

Barrel vault

Back 31

aka tunnel vault; elongated or continuous vault; shaped like a half cylinder.

Front 32

Triumphal arch

Back 32

a freestanding, massive stone gateway with one central arch

Front 33

Corbel vault

Back 33

early roofing/arching technique in which each course of stone projects slightly beyond the previous layer until the uppermost levels meet.

Front 34

Dome

Back 34

a circular vault; a curved masonry vault theoretically consisting of an arch rotated on its axis. May be crowned by an open space (oculus) and/or an exterior lantern. May rest on a vertical wall (drum)

Front 35

Flying buttress

Back 35

an arch used to span a space between an arch or vault which needs external support; used for area above side aisles and chapel

Front 36

Cantilever

Back 36

a projecting beam or member supported at only one end

Front 37

Truss

Back 37

in architecture, a wooden or metal triangle; a rigid form it can be combined into multiple triangles to make roofs or geodesic domes

Front 38

Geodesic dome

Back 38

a dome made of trusses

Front 39

Warp

Back 39

vertical threads in a weavers loom; makes up the fixed framework that provides the structure of the cloth

Front 40

Weft

Back 40

horizontal threads, woven at right angles through the warp; makes up the bulk of the design

Front 41

Backstrap loom

Back 41

made of 2 rods w/ warps stretched between them; one tied to wooden support, the other to the back; woman leans back, controlling the tension of the threads; no longer than an arm's length in width

Front 42

Heddle loom

Back 42

stationary looms in which the warps are supported by large wooden rods; the device raises and lowers warps so that wefts can easily be inserted; width is determined by spatial confines

Front 43

spindle whorl/drop spindle

Back 43

yo-yo like object that is comprised of a wooden rod and a weight (usually stone or ceramic); the heaviness of the weight causes the wool to spin into thin twister yarn as it falls with gravity; taught to female children as early as possible

Front 44

Pyrotechnology

Back 44

any process, in the creation of art, that utilizes fire

Front 45

Ceramic

Back 45

objects made of fired clay, including pottery, porcelain and terra cotta

Front 46

Terra cotta

Back 46

Italian for "baked earth"; low fired clay

Front 47

Slip

Back 47

a liquid mixture of clay and water used as a color coat or a paint on pottery

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Glaze

Back 48

finish coat of glass on ceramics; glaze can serve to color, decorate, strengthen or waterproof an item

Front 49

Kiln

Back 49

an oven used for drying and firing ceramics

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Reduced

Back 50

the firing area is sealed, preventing oxygen from entering, suffocating the ceramics with carbon monoxide, the result is the slip turns black

Front 51

Oxidized

Back 51

great amounts of oxygen are allowed to reach the ceramics, the result is the slip turns red

Front 52

Repousse

Back 52

metal worked by hammering to make relief decorations

Front 53

Bronze

Back 53

alloy of copper and tin

Front 54

Patina

Back 54

is a tarnish that forms on the surface of copper, bronze and similar metals; produced by oxidation or other chemical processes.