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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agency in archaeology
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past people used to be viewed as robots, passive writers, not just a model, they were actually people; faceless blobs; etic/outsider's perspective (behavior, observer) vs. emic perspective (actions, cultural relativism/meanings)
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Arbitrary vs. Natural Levels
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Arbitrary: set by us
Natural: stratigraphic lines (cultural or natural) |
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Assemblages vs. Sub-assemblages
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Assemblages: gros grouping of all sub-assemblages assumed to represent the sum of human activities carried out within an ancient community
sub-assemblages: grouping of artifact classes based on form and function that is assumed to represent a single occupational group within an ancient community |
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Bioturbation
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displacement and mixing of sediment particles (i.e. sediment reworking) and solutes (i.e. bio-irrigation) by fauna or flora or flooding
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Folsom/Clovis Points (fluted points)
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New Mexico; Folsom site: point found coming from Bison antiquus; 1st accepted evidence for iceage people in Americas; lower strata larger spear points (Clovis site); mammoth hunters
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Contour lines/Topographic maps
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Physical map of area; contour lines show changes in altitude
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Critical Theory
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Mark Leone; everything is going to be biased, always some subjectivity, biases of the present, critical viewof processual archaeology; multiple ways to interpret the past, must be aware of own biases/perceptions
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Cultural history approach and critiques of it
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Archaeological interpretation based on temporal and spatial synthesis of data and the application of general descriptive models usually derived from a normative view of culture; emphasizes chronology and cultural change (most diacrhonic)
Critiques: too much emphasis on artifact classification, and culture historians weren't very explicit/too descriptive 1920-1960: chronology building; stratigraphic excavation; law of superposition and seriation; paleo-indian sites; historical particularism; normative model of culture (modal artifact types); cultural relativism |
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Cultural Resource Management
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conservation and selective investigation of prehistoric and historic remains; specifically the development of ways and means, including legislation, to safeguard the past
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Diffusion
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transmission of ideas from one culture to another (Egypt or Mesopotamia)
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