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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are three example of prophylaxis?
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rifampin for exposure to meningococcal meningitis, cephs for preventing gonorrhea or syphilis after exposure, TMP/Sulfa. to prevent recurrent E. Ecoli UTIs or Pneumocystis pneumonia.
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Concerning superinfections
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the broader the spectrum of anibiotics, the greater the alteration in NF and the greater the risk of superinfection; also the incidence of superinfection increases as the length of antimicrobial therapy increases.
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What is an example of a lipid carrier inhibitor?
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bacitracin. bactericidal
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cell membrane inhibitors do what?
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They inhibit synthesis or cause damage to cytoplasmic membrane, affecting permeability and resulting in leakage of intracellular contents.
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What are some 30S subunit inhibitors?
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tetracyclines, spectinomycin, streptomycin and aminoglycosdes
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What are some 50S subunit inhibitors?
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macrolides, chloramphenicols, clindamycin (bacteriostatic)
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What is a non-specific protein synthesis inhibitor?
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daptomycin (cidal)
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which classes of antibiotics are cidal and which are static?
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cell wall inhibitors, cidal if cell is growing otherwise static, cell membrane inhibitors, cidal, NA inhibitors, DNA cidal, RNA static or cidal, 50S statis, dapto cidal, metabolism static
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What are three main mechanisms of resistance in bacteria?
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Cannot access the target, cannot bind the target; drug is altered or inactivated.
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how are gram - microbes resistant to penicillins
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drug can penetrate the outer wall
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streptococci and enterococci are often resistant to aminoglycosides. Why?
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drug cant penetrate
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gram negatives also resistant to beta lactams due to what
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efflux mechanisms naficillin and salmonella.
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HOw is MRSA resistant to penicillins?
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target PBPs are altered.
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with mutation and selection, resistance genes are passed on
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vertically. Though horizontal transfer is more common
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transduction is the mechanism of resistance for what organism?
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s. aureus
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what is the mechanism of resistance in neisseria and penumococci
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transformation
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