Intro To Animal Structure And Function

Front 1

describe the leveles of structural organization

Back 1

cells-tissues-organs-orgn systems

Front 2

describe the leveles of structural organization

Back 2

cells-tissues-organs-orgn systems-organs

Front 3

what are tissues?

Back 3

groups of cells with a common structre and function

Front 4

what are histologists?

Back 4

people that study tissues

Front 5

what are the key characteristics of the epithelial tissue

Back 5

cells the contact the environment,

most importnatly, these are sheets of tightly packed cells that cover the outside of the bosy and lines the organ and cavities of the body. they function as a barrier protecting against mechanical injury, invading microorganisms and fluid loss,

Front 6

what is the basement membrane and where is it located?

Back 6

it is a dense mat of extracellular matrix

Front 7

true or false, the free surface of epithelial cells is exposed to the air or fluidand the cels at the base or the barrier are attached to a basement membrane?

Back 7

true

Front 8

what are the fuctions of the epithelial tissue?

Back 8

absorb nutrients, secrete solutions, move particles on surface using cilia

Front 9

what is so important about epithelial tissue?

Back 9

it allows aniamls to interface with their environment

Front 10

what is connective tissue?

Back 10

functions t bind and support other tissues

Front 11

what is a matrix (nonliving)

Back 11

this is a make up of fibers embedded in homogeneous ground substance that maybe liquid , jellylike or solid

Front 12

t or f? Connective tissue has a sparse population of cells scattered throughout an exracellular matrix/?

Back 12

true

Front 13

what is the most abundant type of connective tissue? and what is it composed of?

Back 13

loose CT composed of collagenos fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages

Front 14

what are collagenous fibers?

Back 14

nonelastic, strenght is length wise

Front 15

what are elastic fibers?

Back 15

holds shape when released, connects flesh to bone

Front 16

what are reticular fibers?

Back 16

join connetiv tissue to adjacent tissue-woven fabric

Front 17

what are fibroblasts?

Back 17

strong- also secrete proteins for ex-cell fibers

Front 18

what are macrophages?

Back 18

roam fibers, looking for bacteria

Front 19

what is adipose tissue?

Back 19

pads and insulates the body, it swells and shrinks with use/storage

Front 20

what is fibrous Connective tissue?

Back 20

dense due to large numbers of collagenous ibers

Front 21

what is fibrous Connective tissue? what is it composed of?

Back 21

dense due to large numbers of collagenous fibers that is composed of paralell bundles, tehdons-connects muscles to bone ad ligaments that connects bone to bone

Front 22

what is cartilage? what is it embedded in?

Back 22

has many collagenous fibers embedded in a rubbery ground substance called chondrin

Front 23

what is bone? what are these cells called?

Back 23

a mineralized connective tissue, the cells are called osteocytes

Front 24

what do osteocytes do?

Back 24

deposit a matrix of collagen

Front 25

what is blood?

Back 25

a matric of plasma

Front 26

what is muscle tissue composed of?

Back 26

long, excitable cells capable of considerable contraction

Front 27

what are the three ypes of muscle tissue?

Back 27

skeletal, cardiac, and visceral

Front 28

what is skeletal muscle tissue?

Back 28

striated, voluntary muscle that moves with the skeleton

Front 29

what is cardiac muscle tissue?

Back 29

contractile wall of heart-striaed like skeletal muscle, bt cells are branched-end of cells are joined by intercalated discs (relay signals from cell to cell during a heart beat)

Front 30

what is visceral muscle tissue?

Back 30

lacks striations, contract slowely, involuntary-organs like lungs , digestive systems ect ect

Front 31

what does nervous tissue do? what are the cells called?

Back 31

senses stimuli and transports signls from one part of the bosy to another

cells are called neurons, which are one functional unit of the nervous systems

Front 32

what are organs and organ systems

Back 32

different tissues organized into specialized centers or function

Front 33

what are organs and organ systems? how are they suspened?

Back 33

different tissues organized into specialized centers or function


they are suspened by CT called mesentenies

Front 34

what is the organ system composed of?

Back 34

several organs

Front 35

what does the size, shape and the external environment

Back 35

affects how the organism interacts with its external environment.

Front 36

what is intersitial fluid?

Back 36

the fuild surrounding he cells

Front 37

how is the interstitial fluid maintained?

Back 37

regualtation using pH, sugar levels, ect

Front 38

what is homostasis?

Back 38

they maintain constant conditions in the body

Front 39

what are the components of the homeostatic systems?

Back 39

receptors, controls centers, effectors, set points, negative feedback, positive feedback

Front 40

what is a receptor?

Back 40

heart, blood, brain, stain

Front 41

what is a control center?

Back 41

brain

Front 42

what does an effector do?

Back 42

causes something to happen

Front 43

what does an effector do?

Back 43

causes something to happen

Front 44

what are set points?

Back 44

temp. pH, ect ect

Front 45

what are negative feedback?

Back 45

changes something

Front 46

what is positive feedback?

Back 46

dangorous, nothing is done , e.g. child birth