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71 Cards in this Set
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pork
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federal money that is distributed to various locatlities and states via grants and subsidies for various discrete projects (ex: transportation, research)- good for congresspeople
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earmarked
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money appropriated by the federal government (ex: universities such as tufts can get money 1.5 million)
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logrolling
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mutual aid among politicans who must vote on many items of economic importance in individual states and districts (importance of cooperation)
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norm of reciprocity
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everyone deserves a piece of the pie
cooperate! |
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problems with pork
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it can distort policy, not give enuf money for substantial policy to be determined, diffused costs
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people love their congressperson
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champions of district thru pork, constituent service
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but they hate congress
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seen as overspending waste, inefficient, budget deficits
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name recall
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being able to remember a politician's name- they want name recall over name recognition becuase then they're in your mind
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name recognition
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being able to recognize a name when you see it.
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monopolized support
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help that only congresspeople can give to their constituents (ex: help with immigration, housing, social security)
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issue attention cycle
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ex: columbine--> gun control laws
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the turkey factor
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most incumbents face losers
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redristricting
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redrawing the lines according to the amount of representatives are allowed in the state after the reapportionment process
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reapportionment process
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states are reallocated their representatives so states have equal representation in the House
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rules committee
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tacks on a rule to every bill that determines the terms of debate, can amendments be added, etc
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closed rule
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no amendments are allowed
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germaneness rule
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amendments have to relate to the legislation (ie: global warming bill can't have money for iraq war attached)
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unlimited debate
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senate
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unanimous consent
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everyone has to agree to the terms of the debate and if doesn't agree, it's a hold
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cloture
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can stop a filibuster with 60% of the votes
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pocket veto
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a bill can die if a president holds onto a bill, doesn't sign it, and congress ends, so congress can't override the veto
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expansionist
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generally new to congress, concerned with the district bc seeking to expand electoral base
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protectionist
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have been around congress, more involved in dc, seek to keep supporters with them
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reelection committes
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ex: energy/natural resources esp for Western states bc so much federally owned land
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ideological committees
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generally electorally safe, show partisan/ideological side: judiciary committee
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power committees
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major institutional prerogative, want power and influence: ex: rules comm
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Ways and Means
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house committee that does tax legislations, very important
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Appropriations
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funding fo different programs has to be authorized by this comm
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coattails
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the idea that the president's election helps to elect those in congress of same party
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Office of Congressional Relations
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the president's lobbyists to congress
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inductive decision making
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use details to make policy
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deductive decision making
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start with big ideas and policy is produced from those
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formalistic
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assign different tasks to each assistant and everyone comes back w/ reports and make a reasoned decision
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competitive
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pit advisors against each other so all points of view are heard, but there's a lot of conflict
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cooperative
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establish teams to work together
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CREEP
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committee to reelect the president... aka nixon
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archibald cox
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nixon's special prosecutor, who nixon then fired
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executive priveldge
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nixon claimed that he had the right to privacy, etc, bullshit bc he was the pres and didn't have to give anyone the tapes of recorded private conversations
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US v Nixon
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nixon had to turn over the tapes, but yeah, incriminating and so he resigned bc otherwise would be impeached
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administrative discretion
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bills provide broad outlines and congress charges an agency to fill in the gaps; delegation of authority
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Federal register
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publishes the rules and regulations issued by various agencies daily
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executive orders
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what bush wants to tell the world
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comment period
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people can make comments about bureaucratic regulations
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rulemaking authority
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the ability fo a bureaucracy to act in a legislative way- it issues a set of rules and regualtions to be followed
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adjudicatory authority
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act in a more judicial way, is an individual/group operating within a law?
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iron triangles/subgovernments
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congressmembers, department, interest group--> form a strong coalition where mostly just winners
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stay
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justice has the power to freeze an execution in their area
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riding circuit
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a justice's area that he/she dominates
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solicitor general
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represents the government in a cas-- the leading attorney
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judicial activism
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constitution is a living document that needs to adapt to the times (liberalish)
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judicial restraint
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the court shouldn't make policy becuase it's not a democratic institution (conservativeish)
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Marbury v. Madison
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look up!!!!!!!!!
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judicial review
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the right to evaluate and invalidate laws in violation of the constitution
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writ of certioria
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the court will hear the case
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rule of 4
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4 justices have to agree to hear the case
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standing
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have to be directly involved in the case
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stare decisis
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let the old decision stand, try not to mess around with history too much, otherwise it gets messy
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group
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a set of people with common characteristcs, interests, or purposes
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organization
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some subset of a group that works to further the goals of the group
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free rider problem
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people in a group have no incentive to be part of an organization's activities if they will benefit from the activities whether or not they join
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material benefits
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ex: insurance plans, access to clubs, tax help
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solidary benefits
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meet with people that share the same intersts ex: sierra club singles hikes
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purposive benefits
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get a warm and fuzzy feeling from joinging a group
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PAC
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political action committee have to join to donate large sums of $
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bundling
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collect a lot of money and give it to the candidate, but candidate gets the money with a message and gets around PAC rules
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honoraria
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receive money for speaking for a public event, for example. ussualy donate the money
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standing
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have to be directly involved in the case
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stare decisis
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let the old decision stand, try not to mess around with history too much, otherwise it gets messy
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group
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a set of people with common characteristcs, interests, or purposes
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organization
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some subset of a group that works to further the goals of the group
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free rider problem
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people in a group have no incentive to be part of an organization's activities if they will benefit from the activities whether or not they join
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